The struggle of Lhe Przemyśl Social Democrats with the licentious soldiery were an exceptional phenomenon in the history of the Polish Social Democratic Party (PPSD). At the turn of the 19th century the Galician Socialists devoted almost their entire energy to the struggle for the political rights of the proletariat - i.e. the fight for the reform of the electoral law to the representative state organs. In the years 1899-1901, the leaders of the Przemyśl Social Democratic party organization conducted an anti-militarist action on a scale which had been quite unheard of in the Austrian empire. They embarked on this action, in spite of a lack of clear support from the party authorities. The article constitutes an attempt to describe the struggle of the Przemyśl Socialists with the local soldiery; it also tries to provide an answer to the question concerning the origins of this conflict. The author underscores the significant role which had been played by the party press which in the hands of the Socialists had constituted practically the only weapon in the struggle with the omnipresent Przemyśl army. The "Przemyśl Glos" (a journal published by the Przemyśl Socialists) collapsed in June 1900 in the effect of the difficulties and hurdles created by the authorities. In this situation, the main burden of the struggle with militarism fell upon the shoulders of the press organ of the Polish Social Democratic Party - the Kraków "Naprzód” (Forward). Although in the past, the conflict of the Przemyśl Social Democrats with the local soldiery was often ignored by historians, it no doubt deserves to be analyzed in more depth. The anti-militarist slogans occupied an important place in the programs of the Socialist parties; the problem of the need to reform the army was discussed at a number of conventions of the International. Although in the course of their campaign directed against the soldiery, the Przemyśl Social Democrats had failed to present a positive program, yet among their ranks there was a man who in the future would become one of the most competent experts on military matters in the Austrian parliament, namely Herman Lieberman. His participation in the anti-militarist campaign in the years 1899-1901, had no doubt exerted an important impact on his future career.