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Background: The aim of the study was to correlate arthroscopic and MRI image of temporomandibular joints (TMJ) dysfunction on the clinical basis. Material/Methods: The study sample comprised 44 patients. All subjects underwent bilateral MRI and unilateral arthroscopy of TMJ to evaluate disc structure, position and function, bone structure abnormalities, joint effusion localization and entity according to Wilkes classification. Results: In 31 patients (70,5%) MRI allowed diagnosing the morphological and functional changes with the arthroscopic confidence. In 13 (29,5%) cases the differences between both images were noted. The stage of the disease was over- or underestimated at one grade level. Conclusions: The present study contributes to an improved understanding of TMJ changes in MRI. The MRI analysis of craniomandibular disorders is extremely helpful as the primary imaging preceding arthroscopy.