The 1989 parliamentary election campaign in Poland as an example of pre-modern campaigning

The significant change in the characteristics of political campaign communication has been acknowledged and examined by a plethora of scholars from various disciplines. A great deal of a scholarly community members have tried to coin their own theory, which would convincingly interpret this new reality. The aim of this article is to present specific features of pre -modern campaigning. The nature of this phenomenon is shown by analysing the 1989 parliamentary election campaign in Poland, which perfectly fits into the model described by Bogusława Dobek -Ostrowska, Mariusz Kolczyński and Janusz Sztumski. The author focuses primarily on campaign coordination and dominant channels for political campaigning. The campaign’s financial resources and role of external professional consultants are also examined.