Stromatinia rapulum, a member of Sclerotiniaceae, is a pathogenic fungus attacking the rhizomes of plants from the genus Polygonatum. Its stalked apothecia, resembling those of the related Dumontinia tuberosa, arise from stromatised tissues of the host plant in the spring months, a feature typical of the genus Stromatinia. The fungus was described from France in the 19 th century, and from that time it has been found in thirteen countries, mostly in western and northern Europe. In Central Europe it is known in Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic, and is regarded as being rather rare. Four localities have recently been discovered in the Western Carpathians, southern Poland, and these are the first observations of the fungus in this country. In this paper we present the new localities, describe the details of morphology and anatomy of ascocarps, and summarise the data on the ecology and distribution of the species in Europe.