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BACKGROUND: To study CT and MR findings in xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 30 histopathologically confirmed cases of XGC. Seventeen patients underwent CECT and 13 underwent MRI. The following features were studied – wall thickness, intramural nodules, pericholecystic stranding, wall thickness, THAD, fat in gallbladder wall, cholelithiasis, infiltration, biliary dilatation, lymph nodes, complications. RESULTS: The majority of cases (22/30) showed discontinuous mucosal lining. Discontinuous mucosal lining was seen in all cases with wall thickness >10 mm, 75% of cases with wall thickness between 3-10 mm and none in normal wall thickness (p=0.03). Diffuse wall thickening was seen in 23 cases, focal thickening in 3 and polypoidal wall thickening in 2 cases. Polypoidal thickening was seen in gallbladder carcinoma. Intramural nodules were present in 87.5% of cases with discontinuous mucosal lining. Pericholecystic stranding was seen in 19, biliary dilatation in 12, liver infiltration in 13 and fat in 7 cases. Lymphadenopathy was seen in 1 case with gallbladder carcinoma. Four cases showed a signal drop in the intramural nodules on chemical shift MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuous mucosal lining is evident in xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Diffuse wall thickening, intramural nodules, continuous or discontinuous mucosal lining and cholelithiasis may indicate XGC rather than gallbladder carcinoma. Based on correlation with pathophysiological findings, we conclude that discontinuous mucosal lining is not an unusual finding in cases of XGC. Advances in knowledge: Being aware of the radiological findings described in this article may be helpful in making preoperative radiological diagnosis of XGC. Mucosal lining may be continuous or discontinuous in XGC.