Orthographic processing deficits in developmental dyslexia : beyond the ventral visual stream

2016
journal article
article
65
dc.abstract.enFast effortless reading has been associated with the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA), a region in the ventral visual stream that specializes in the recognition of letter strings. Several neuroimaging studies of dyslexia revealed an underactivation of this region. However, most of these studies used reading tasks and/or were carried out on adults. Given that fluent reading is severely impaired in dyslexics, any underactivation might simply reflect a well-established reading deficit in impaired readers and could be the consequence rather than the cause of dyslexia. Here, we designed a task that does not rely on reading per se but that tapped early visual orthographic processing that forms the basis of reading. Dyslexic children aged 8-12years and age-matched controls were asked to search for letters, digits, and symbols in 5-element strings (Experiment 1). This novel task was complemented by a classic task known to activate the VWFA, namely the passive viewing of pseudowords and falsefonts (Experiment 2). We found that in addition to significant group differences in the VWFA, dyslexic children showed a significant underactivation of the middle occipital gyrus (MOG) relative to the control group. Several areas in the MOG are known for their engagement in visuospatial processing, and it has been proposed that the MOG is necessary for ordering the symbols in unfamiliar strings. Our results suggest that the VWFA deficit might be secondary to an impairment of visuospatial processing in the MOG. We argue that efficient processing in MOG in the course of reading acquisition is critical for the development of effortless fast visual word recognition in the VWFA.pl
dc.affiliationWydział Filozoficzny : Instytut Psychologiipl
dc.contributor.authorBoros, Marianna - 104851 pl
dc.contributor.authorAnton, Jean-Lucpl
dc.contributor.authorPech-Georgel, Catherinepl
dc.contributor.authorGrainger, Jonathanpl
dc.contributor.authorSzwed, Marcin - 213989 pl
dc.contributor.authorZiegler, Johannes C.pl
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-25T10:34:28Z
dc.date.available2017-01-25T10:34:28Z
dc.date.issued2016pl
dc.description.physical316-327pl
dc.description.volume128pl
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.014pl
dc.identifier.eissn1095-9572pl
dc.identifier.issn1053-8119pl
dc.identifier.urihttp://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/35989
dc.languageengpl
dc.language.containerengpl
dc.rightsDodaję tylko opis bibliograficzny*
dc.rights.licenceBez licencji otwartego dostępu
dc.rights.uri*
dc.subject.endyslexiapl
dc.subject.envisual word form areapl
dc.subject.endorsal streampl
dc.subject.enventral streampl
dc.subject.enphonological deficitpl
dc.subject.envisuo-spatial processingpl
dc.subject.enfMRIpl
dc.subtypeArticlepl
dc.titleOrthographic processing deficits in developmental dyslexia : beyond the ventral visual streampl
dc.title.journalNeuroImagepl
dc.typeJournalArticlepl
dspace.entity.typePublication
dc.abstract.enpl
Fast effortless reading has been associated with the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA), a region in the ventral visual stream that specializes in the recognition of letter strings. Several neuroimaging studies of dyslexia revealed an underactivation of this region. However, most of these studies used reading tasks and/or were carried out on adults. Given that fluent reading is severely impaired in dyslexics, any underactivation might simply reflect a well-established reading deficit in impaired readers and could be the consequence rather than the cause of dyslexia. Here, we designed a task that does not rely on reading per se but that tapped early visual orthographic processing that forms the basis of reading. Dyslexic children aged 8-12years and age-matched controls were asked to search for letters, digits, and symbols in 5-element strings (Experiment 1). This novel task was complemented by a classic task known to activate the VWFA, namely the passive viewing of pseudowords and falsefonts (Experiment 2). We found that in addition to significant group differences in the VWFA, dyslexic children showed a significant underactivation of the middle occipital gyrus (MOG) relative to the control group. Several areas in the MOG are known for their engagement in visuospatial processing, and it has been proposed that the MOG is necessary for ordering the symbols in unfamiliar strings. Our results suggest that the VWFA deficit might be secondary to an impairment of visuospatial processing in the MOG. We argue that efficient processing in MOG in the course of reading acquisition is critical for the development of effortless fast visual word recognition in the VWFA.
dc.affiliationpl
Wydział Filozoficzny : Instytut Psychologii
dc.contributor.authorpl
Boros, Marianna - 104851
dc.contributor.authorpl
Anton, Jean-Luc
dc.contributor.authorpl
Pech-Georgel, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorpl
Grainger, Jonathan
dc.contributor.authorpl
Szwed, Marcin - 213989
dc.contributor.authorpl
Ziegler, Johannes C.
dc.date.accessioned
2017-01-25T10:34:28Z
dc.date.available
2017-01-25T10:34:28Z
dc.date.issuedpl
2016
dc.description.physicalpl
316-327
dc.description.volumepl
128
dc.identifier.doipl
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.014
dc.identifier.eissnpl
1095-9572
dc.identifier.issnpl
1053-8119
dc.identifier.uri
http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/35989
dc.languagepl
eng
dc.language.containerpl
eng
dc.rights*
Dodaję tylko opis bibliograficzny
dc.rights.licence
Bez licencji otwartego dostępu
dc.rights.uri*
dc.subject.enpl
dyslexia
dc.subject.enpl
visual word form area
dc.subject.enpl
dorsal stream
dc.subject.enpl
ventral stream
dc.subject.enpl
phonological deficit
dc.subject.enpl
visuo-spatial processing
dc.subject.enpl
fMRI
dc.subtypepl
Article
dc.titlepl
Orthographic processing deficits in developmental dyslexia : beyond the ventral visual stream
dc.title.journalpl
NeuroImage
dc.typepl
JournalArticle
dspace.entity.type
Publication
Affiliations

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