This article presents the results of a study on effective ways of organizing the students' learning and the results of the external evaluation carried out in primary schools in the school year 2011/2012, and attempt to identify key areas for management to create effective learning environments. Firstly will be presented the context of the twenty-first century reality, and in particular the dynamics of change of socio-economic conditions. The key competencies are in particular competence of learning and the conditions that must be created in order to provide effective conditions for learning. These theoretical view will complement by the data from the external evaluation carried out in primary schools in the school year 2011/2012 about the organization of process of learning in Polish schools and their implications for school management for creating the effective learning environments.