The issue of the Naqadan-Lower Egyptian transition is widely discussed by various specialists. The most recent research, like excavations at Tell el-Farkha and Kom el-Khilgan, or reevaluation of older thoroughly published and well known works (e.g. Minshat Abu Omar) throw new light on the case. According to our present knowledge earlier theories, which attempted to explain this interesting change in Egyptian history as a result of a conquest, failed. Actually proposed theories – depending on the point of view, that is usually the site from which the situation is interpreted – are more North or South oriented. The most convincing seem to be those accenting assimilation (Buchez & Midant-Reynes 2011) and integration (Mączyńska 2011), which point to the fact that the contact of North-expanding Naqadans and resident Lower Egyptians brought to creation of a new cultural value. Many of these disagreements come from overestimation of the leading Naqadan role and, at the same time, underestimation of the Lower Egyptian cultural unit complexity (see also Köhler 2008; in press; Mączyńska in press c). The issue is discussed on the basis of Northern Egyptian mortuary data.