Online First 2022-04-15

Background: Lung transplantation remains the only feasible option for certain patients with end-stage lung disease. Lifelong immunosuppression increases the risk of infection, including fungal infections. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of antifungal prophylaxis and treatment among lung transplant recipients in the early postoperative stage. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 127 patients who underwent lung transplantation between 2014 and 2021 in the lung transplant ward, 65.35% of whom were males. The most common indication for lung transplantation was cystic fibrosis (n = 59; 46.46%). All of the patients were receiving inhaled amphotericin B. Within this group there were patients who also were treated with intravenous caspofungin, intravenous/oral voriconazole, or both. Results: The difference in the efficacy against Candida spp. between caspofungin and voriconazole in the early post-transplant period was not statistically significant (χ = 0.5, P = .477). Moreover, the difference in the efficacy against Candida spp. between itraconazole and voriconazole during the first post-transplant year was not statistically significant (χ = 0.46, P = .496). Conclusion: Caspofungin and voriconazole are proper and relatively efficient antifungal prophylaxis and treatment options after lung transplantation. There was no significant difference between voriconazole and caspofungin as antifungal agents used in the early post-transplant stage. There was no significant difference between voriconazole and itraconazole as antifungal agents used during the first post-transplant year. Further research on this issue is required.