This article addresses the most significant issues related to the new approach to the object of trademark protection in the Industrial Property Law Act in the context of previous changes to EU law and the settled case law of the CJEU. Normative changes primarily concern the issue of clarifying the requirement for the representation of the sign, in particular the abandonment of the controversial criterion for graphic representability. The author, who is a scientific researcher as well as an active practitioner in the field of industrial property protection, carries out an in-depth analysis of the discussed legislative changes in the context of their legitimacy and impact on the practice of trademark protection.