English borrowings in Bulgarian language

Praca poświęcona jest analizie anglicyzmów w języku bułgarskim. Podzielona została na cztery części. Pierwsza jest wprowadzeniem do analizy, objaśnia pojęcia, niezbędne w procesie zapożyczania. Kolejne natomiast, rozpatrują graficzną, morfologiczną oraz leksykalną analizę zapożyczeń angielskich w języku bułgarskim.Zebrany przeze mnie materiał został oparty na: Słowniku wyrazów obcych w języku bułgarskim (Речник на чуждуте думи в българския език), Słowniku wyrazów nowych (Речник на новите думи и значения в българския език) a także lekturze prasy. Wybrałam najpopularniejszy dziennik bułgarski – 24 часа , a także dwa czasopisma – Браво oraz Блясък. Są one reprezentantami trzech grup społecznych.Przeprowadzona analiza umożliwiła zrozumienie mechanizmów zapożyczania anglicyzmów w języku bułgarskim, pokazuje, jakie problemy przysparza, a także jakie rozwiązania wykorzystuje się podczas adaptacji nowych wyrazów.

The influence of English on other languages is enormous, no one disputes the fact, that English plays a role of lingua franca in contemporary word. The goal of my M.A. thesis is to collect, examine and describe English words, that have been borrowed by Bulgarian language. I have divided my thesis into four chapters. The first one is an introduction to analysis of English borrowings, the others are devoted to graphic, morphological and lexical analysis. My thesis is based on two dictionaries (Dictionary of Foreign Words in Bulgarian (Речник на чуждите думи в българския език) and Dictionary of New Words and Meanings in Bulgarian (Речник на новите думи и значения в българския език) and also on the contemporary Bulgarian press ( I choose one newspaper – 24 часа) and two magazines (Браво and Блясък), which represent tree different age groups). I have collected 1335 English borrowings. The majority of them are nouns (1211), second place belongs to adjectives (62), third - to verbs (58) and the last one to adverbs (4). The analysis leads to following conclusions: English borrowings are adapted through oral speech (by immediate contact);In most cases English borrowings follow the grammatical constraints of Bulgarian;The analysis of parts of the speech shows that nouns, which take the masculine gender, (the majority of English words end with the consonant, which are characteristic for the Bulgarian masculine gender) are adapted most often;All verbs, except one – ченджа (change) belong to the Bulgarian conjugation ended with – a (for example асемблирам, асемблираш, асемблира);Lots of Bulgarian words are formed by derivation, for example интерфейсен from интерфейс (interface);English borrowings represent different fields of life. I have divided them into 36 groups, the biggest one is the group that refers to sport;Borrowing leads to formation of doublet forms, for example инспирирам (inspire) instead of Bulgarian word вдъхновявам. The doublet words are a small piece of all borrowings (7%);Using of English borrowings is associated with media, which influence the language of the modern generation. English borrowings are the biggest group of foreign words, which are adapted into Bulgarian. Despite the fact of many opponents of this phenomenon, a reasonable using of the English borrowings enriches the Bulgarian lexical stock.