The paper discusses an 18th c. dictionary entitled "Linguarum totius orbis Vocabularia comparativa Augustissimae cura collecta (…)", which contains the equivalents (in ca. 200 languages and dialects) of more than two hundred Russian entry words. The multilingual counterparts are a transliteration (and at times what might be called a phonetic transcription) in the Russian alphabet. The principal objective of the paper is to describe the French (and Old French!) equivalents of the entry words, at the same time not only indicating the simplifications and inaccuracies, but also the historical value of the recorded forms.