Possibilities and limitations of using iPhone 13 Pro with built-in LiDAR sensor in cave research : on the example of paleoflow analysis in Mylna Cave (Western Tatra Mts, Poland)

2023
journal article
article
dc.abstract.enThe study tested the capabilities of the Apple iPhone 13 Pro device using two measurement techniques, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and SfM (Structure from Motion), in a cave environment by measuring scallops in Mylna Cave in Western Tatra Mountains. The tested device provides an interesting and inexpensive alternative for cave research using TLS (Terrestrial Land Scanner) type scanners or more expensive MLS (Mobile Laser Scanning) type scanners. The study used a dedicated 3D Scanner App™ application to create two terrain models: LiDAR and SfM. A comparative analysis of the models shows that the SfM model is characterised by greater detail. The results obtained for this model indicate that the scallops measured in Wielki Chodnik passage of Mylna Cave belong to at least two different generations of forms. In the LiDAR method case, the obtained models’ resolution was not precise enough to identify small (<3 cm) scallops. For three LiDAR models, the average length of scallops was 10.32 cm; for three SfM models, it was 5.16 cm. The length of scallops obtained from models allowed for calculating paleoflow velocity and, thus, the flow rate. The average velocity value for LiDAR models was 28.98 cm s−1, and for SfM models – 48.10 cm s−1 and the average flow rate obtained from SfM data was 1.93 m³ s−1. It corresponds well with the today-observed Kościeliski Potok flow rate of 1.7 m³ s−1 according to the 1966–2000 period (Baścik et al. 2014). On the contrary, the average paleoflow rate obtained from the LiDAR model, which is 0.94 m³ s−1, does not match the contemporary flow rate. Based on the asymmetry of scallops, the paleoflow direction was determined. It is consistent with the current direction of the Kościeliski Potok flow. The spatial imaging techniques used with iPhone 13 Pro differ regarding the DEM creation method and model details. It is influenced by parameters related to lighting, distance, scanned surface character and microclimatic conditions of the cave
dc.affiliationSzkoła Doktorska Nauk Ścisłych i Przyrodniczych
dc.contributor.authorPluta, Przemysław
dc.contributor.authorSiemek, Dawid - 454407
dc.date.accession2024-04-25
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-25T10:12:55Z
dc.date.available2024-04-25T10:12:55Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.date.openaccess0
dc.description.accesstimew momencie opublikowania
dc.description.additionalBibliogr. s. 61-62
dc.description.physical51-62
dc.description.versionostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume42
dc.identifier.doi10.12657/landfana-042-004
dc.identifier.eissn2081-5980
dc.identifier.issn1429-799X
dc.identifier.urihttps://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/331620
dc.identifier.weblinkhttp://geoinfo.amu.edu.pl/sgp/LA/LA42/landfana-042-004.pdf
dc.languageeng
dc.language.containereng
dc.rightsUdzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa - Użycie niekomercyjne - Bez utworów zależnych 3.0
dc.rights.licenceCC-BY-NC-ND
dc.rights.simpleviewWolny dostęp
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
dc.share.typeotwarte czasopismo
dc.subject.enDEM
dc.subject.enLiDAR
dc.subject.enSfM
dc.subject.eniPhone 13 Pro
dc.subject.enpaleoflow
dc.subject.enMylna Cave
dc.subject.enTatra Mts
dc.subtypeArticle
dc.titlePossibilities and limitations of using iPhone 13 Pro with built-in LiDAR sensor in cave research : on the example of paleoflow analysis in Mylna Cave (Western Tatra Mts, Poland)
dc.title.journalLandform Analysis
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublicationen
dc.abstract.en
The study tested the capabilities of the Apple iPhone 13 Pro device using two measurement techniques, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and SfM (Structure from Motion), in a cave environment by measuring scallops in Mylna Cave in Western Tatra Mountains. The tested device provides an interesting and inexpensive alternative for cave research using TLS (Terrestrial Land Scanner) type scanners or more expensive MLS (Mobile Laser Scanning) type scanners. The study used a dedicated 3D Scanner App™ application to create two terrain models: LiDAR and SfM. A comparative analysis of the models shows that the SfM model is characterised by greater detail. The results obtained for this model indicate that the scallops measured in Wielki Chodnik passage of Mylna Cave belong to at least two different generations of forms. In the LiDAR method case, the obtained models’ resolution was not precise enough to identify small (<3 cm) scallops. For three LiDAR models, the average length of scallops was 10.32 cm; for three SfM models, it was 5.16 cm. The length of scallops obtained from models allowed for calculating paleoflow velocity and, thus, the flow rate. The average velocity value for LiDAR models was 28.98 cm s−1, and for SfM models – 48.10 cm s−1 and the average flow rate obtained from SfM data was 1.93 m³ s−1. It corresponds well with the today-observed Kościeliski Potok flow rate of 1.7 m³ s−1 according to the 1966–2000 period (Baścik et al. 2014). On the contrary, the average paleoflow rate obtained from the LiDAR model, which is 0.94 m³ s−1, does not match the contemporary flow rate. Based on the asymmetry of scallops, the paleoflow direction was determined. It is consistent with the current direction of the Kościeliski Potok flow. The spatial imaging techniques used with iPhone 13 Pro differ regarding the DEM creation method and model details. It is influenced by parameters related to lighting, distance, scanned surface character and microclimatic conditions of the cave
dc.affiliation
Szkoła Doktorska Nauk Ścisłych i Przyrodniczych
dc.contributor.author
Pluta, Przemysław
dc.contributor.author
Siemek, Dawid - 454407
dc.date.accession
2024-04-25
dc.date.accessioned
2024-04-25T10:12:55Z
dc.date.available
2024-04-25T10:12:55Z
dc.date.issued
2023
dc.date.openaccess
0
dc.description.accesstime
w momencie opublikowania
dc.description.additional
Bibliogr. s. 61-62
dc.description.physical
51-62
dc.description.version
ostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume
42
dc.identifier.doi
10.12657/landfana-042-004
dc.identifier.eissn
2081-5980
dc.identifier.issn
1429-799X
dc.identifier.uri
https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/331620
dc.identifier.weblink
http://geoinfo.amu.edu.pl/sgp/LA/LA42/landfana-042-004.pdf
dc.language
eng
dc.language.container
eng
dc.rights
Udzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa - Użycie niekomercyjne - Bez utworów zależnych 3.0
dc.rights.licence
CC-BY-NC-ND
dc.rights.simpleview
Wolny dostęp
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
dc.share.type
otwarte czasopismo
dc.subject.en
DEM
dc.subject.en
LiDAR
dc.subject.en
SfM
dc.subject.en
iPhone 13 Pro
dc.subject.en
paleoflow
dc.subject.en
Mylna Cave
dc.subject.en
Tatra Mts
dc.subtype
Article
dc.title
Possibilities and limitations of using iPhone 13 Pro with built-in LiDAR sensor in cave research : on the example of paleoflow analysis in Mylna Cave (Western Tatra Mts, Poland)
dc.title.journal
Landform Analysis
dc.type
JournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeen
Publication
Affiliations

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