A multilab investigation into the N2pc as an indicator of attentional selectivity: Direct replication of Eimer (1996)

2025
journal article
article
4
dc.abstract.enThe N2pc is widely employed as an electrophysiological marker of an attention allocation. This interpretation was largely driven by the observation of an N2pc elicited by an isolated relevant target object, which was reported as Experiment 2 in Eimer (1996). All subsequent refined interpretations of the N2pc had to take this crucial finding into account. Despite its central role for neurocognitive attention research, there have been no direct replications and only few conceptual replications of this seminal work. Within the context of #EEGManyLabs, an international community-driven effort to replicate the most influential EEG studies ever published, the present study was selected due to its strong impact on the study of selective attention. We revisit the idea of the N2pc being an indicator of attentional selectivity by delivering a high powered direct replication of Eimer's work through analysis of 779 datasets acquired from 22 labs across 14 countries. Our results robustly replicate the N2pc to form stimuli, but a direct replication of the N2pc to color stimuli technically failed. We believe that this pattern not only sheds further light on the functional significance of the N2pc as an electrophysiological marker of attentional selectivity, but also highlights a methodological problem with selecting analysis windows a priori. By contrast, the consistency of observed ERP patterns across labs and analysis pipelines is stunning, and this consistency is preserved even in datasets that were rejected for (ocular) artifacts, attesting to the robustness of the ERP technique and the feasibility of large-scale multilab EEG (replication) studies.
dc.affiliationWydział Filozoficzny : Instytut Psychologii
dc.contributor.authorConstant, Martin
dc.contributor.authorMandal, Ananya
dc.contributor.authorAsanowicz, Dariusz - 107345
dc.contributor.authorPanek, Bartłomiej - 216204
dc.contributor.authorKotlewska, Ilona - 412108
dc.contributor.authorYamaguchi, Motonori
dc.contributor.authorGillmeister, Helge
dc.contributor.authorKerzel, Dirk
dc.contributor.authorLuque, David
dc.contributor.authorMolinero, Sara
dc.contributor.authorVázquez-Millán, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorPesciarelli, Francesca
dc.contributor.authorBorelli, Eleonora
dc.contributor.authorRamzaoui, Hanane
dc.contributor.authorBeck, Melissa
dc.contributor.authorSomon, Bertille
dc.contributor.authorDesantis, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorCastellanos, M. Concepción
dc.contributor.authorMartín-Arévalo, Elisa
dc.contributor.authorManini, Greta
dc.contributor.authorCapizzi, Mariagrazia
dc.contributor.authorGokce, Ahu
dc.contributor.authorÖzer, Demet
dc.contributor.authorSoyman, Efe
dc.contributor.authorYılmaz, Ece
dc.contributor.authorEayrs, Joshua O.
dc.contributor.authorLondon, Raquel E.
dc.contributor.authorSteendam, Tabitha
dc.contributor.authorFrings, Christian
dc.contributor.authorPastötter, Bernhard
dc.contributor.authorSzaszkó, Bence
dc.contributor.authorBaess, Pamela
dc.contributor.authorAyatollahi, Shabnamalsadat
dc.contributor.authorLeón Montoya, Gustavo A.
dc.contributor.authorWetzel, Nicole
dc.contributor.authorWidmann, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorCao, Liyu
dc.contributor.authorLow, Xueqi
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Thiago L.
dc.contributor.authorChelazzi, Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorMonachesi, Bianca
dc.contributor.authorKamp, Siri-Maria
dc.contributor.authorKnopf, Luisa
dc.contributor.authorItier, Roxane J.
dc.contributor.authorMeixner, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorJost, Kerstin
dc.contributor.authorBotes, André
dc.contributor.authorBraddock, Carley
dc.contributor.authorLi, Danqi
dc.contributor.authorNowacka, Alicja
dc.contributor.authorQuenault, Marlo
dc.contributor.authorScanzi, Daniele
dc.contributor.authorTorrance, Tamar
dc.contributor.authorCorballis, Paul M.
dc.contributor.authorLaera, Gianvito
dc.contributor.authorKliegel, Matthias
dc.contributor.authorWelke, Dominik
dc.contributor.authorMushtaq, Faisal
dc.contributor.authorPavlov, Yuri G.
dc.contributor.authorLiesefeld, Heinrich R.
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-07T11:37:53Z
dc.date.available2025-11-07T11:37:53Z
dc.date.createdat2025-11-04T17:10:36Zen
dc.date.issued2025
dc.date.openaccess0
dc.description.accesstimew momencie opublikowania
dc.description.physical304-341
dc.description.versionostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume190
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.014
dc.identifier.issn0010-9452
dc.identifier.projectDRC AI
dc.identifier.urihttps://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/565047
dc.languageeng
dc.language.containereng
dc.rightsUdzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licenceCC-BY
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.typeotwarte czasopismo
dc.source.integratorfalse
dc.subject.enN2pc
dc.subject.enspatial attention
dc.subject.envisual attention
dc.subject.enreplication
dc.subject.en#EEGManyLabs
dc.subtypeArticle
dc.titleA multilab investigation into the N2pc as an indicator of attentional selectivity: Direct replication of Eimer (1996)
dc.title.journalCortex
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublicationen
dc.abstract.en
The N2pc is widely employed as an electrophysiological marker of an attention allocation. This interpretation was largely driven by the observation of an N2pc elicited by an isolated relevant target object, which was reported as Experiment 2 in Eimer (1996). All subsequent refined interpretations of the N2pc had to take this crucial finding into account. Despite its central role for neurocognitive attention research, there have been no direct replications and only few conceptual replications of this seminal work. Within the context of #EEGManyLabs, an international community-driven effort to replicate the most influential EEG studies ever published, the present study was selected due to its strong impact on the study of selective attention. We revisit the idea of the N2pc being an indicator of attentional selectivity by delivering a high powered direct replication of Eimer's work through analysis of 779 datasets acquired from 22 labs across 14 countries. Our results robustly replicate the N2pc to form stimuli, but a direct replication of the N2pc to color stimuli technically failed. We believe that this pattern not only sheds further light on the functional significance of the N2pc as an electrophysiological marker of attentional selectivity, but also highlights a methodological problem with selecting analysis windows a priori. By contrast, the consistency of observed ERP patterns across labs and analysis pipelines is stunning, and this consistency is preserved even in datasets that were rejected for (ocular) artifacts, attesting to the robustness of the ERP technique and the feasibility of large-scale multilab EEG (replication) studies.
dc.affiliation
Wydział Filozoficzny : Instytut Psychologii
dc.contributor.author
Constant, Martin
dc.contributor.author
Mandal, Ananya
dc.contributor.author
Asanowicz, Dariusz - 107345
dc.contributor.author
Panek, Bartłomiej - 216204
dc.contributor.author
Kotlewska, Ilona - 412108
dc.contributor.author
Yamaguchi, Motonori
dc.contributor.author
Gillmeister, Helge
dc.contributor.author
Kerzel, Dirk
dc.contributor.author
Luque, David
dc.contributor.author
Molinero, Sara
dc.contributor.author
Vázquez-Millán, Antonio
dc.contributor.author
Pesciarelli, Francesca
dc.contributor.author
Borelli, Eleonora
dc.contributor.author
Ramzaoui, Hanane
dc.contributor.author
Beck, Melissa
dc.contributor.author
Somon, Bertille
dc.contributor.author
Desantis, Andrea
dc.contributor.author
Castellanos, M. Concepción
dc.contributor.author
Martín-Arévalo, Elisa
dc.contributor.author
Manini, Greta
dc.contributor.author
Capizzi, Mariagrazia
dc.contributor.author
Gokce, Ahu
dc.contributor.author
Özer, Demet
dc.contributor.author
Soyman, Efe
dc.contributor.author
Yılmaz, Ece
dc.contributor.author
Eayrs, Joshua O.
dc.contributor.author
London, Raquel E.
dc.contributor.author
Steendam, Tabitha
dc.contributor.author
Frings, Christian
dc.contributor.author
Pastötter, Bernhard
dc.contributor.author
Szaszkó, Bence
dc.contributor.author
Baess, Pamela
dc.contributor.author
Ayatollahi, Shabnamalsadat
dc.contributor.author
León Montoya, Gustavo A.
dc.contributor.author
Wetzel, Nicole
dc.contributor.author
Widmann, Andreas
dc.contributor.author
Cao, Liyu
dc.contributor.author
Low, Xueqi
dc.contributor.author
Costa, Thiago L.
dc.contributor.author
Chelazzi, Leonardo
dc.contributor.author
Monachesi, Bianca
dc.contributor.author
Kamp, Siri-Maria
dc.contributor.author
Knopf, Luisa
dc.contributor.author
Itier, Roxane J.
dc.contributor.author
Meixner, Johannes
dc.contributor.author
Jost, Kerstin
dc.contributor.author
Botes, André
dc.contributor.author
Braddock, Carley
dc.contributor.author
Li, Danqi
dc.contributor.author
Nowacka, Alicja
dc.contributor.author
Quenault, Marlo
dc.contributor.author
Scanzi, Daniele
dc.contributor.author
Torrance, Tamar
dc.contributor.author
Corballis, Paul M.
dc.contributor.author
Laera, Gianvito
dc.contributor.author
Kliegel, Matthias
dc.contributor.author
Welke, Dominik
dc.contributor.author
Mushtaq, Faisal
dc.contributor.author
Pavlov, Yuri G.
dc.contributor.author
Liesefeld, Heinrich R.
dc.date.accessioned
2025-11-07T11:37:53Z
dc.date.available
2025-11-07T11:37:53Z
dc.date.createdaten
2025-11-04T17:10:36Z
dc.date.issued
2025
dc.date.openaccess
0
dc.description.accesstime
w momencie opublikowania
dc.description.physical
304-341
dc.description.version
ostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume
190
dc.identifier.doi
10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.014
dc.identifier.issn
0010-9452
dc.identifier.project
DRC AI
dc.identifier.uri
https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/565047
dc.language
eng
dc.language.container
eng
dc.rights
Udzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licence
CC-BY
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.type
otwarte czasopismo
dc.source.integrator
false
dc.subject.en
N2pc
dc.subject.en
spatial attention
dc.subject.en
visual attention
dc.subject.en
replication
dc.subject.en
#EEGManyLabs
dc.subtype
Article
dc.title
A multilab investigation into the N2pc as an indicator of attentional selectivity: Direct replication of Eimer (1996)
dc.title.journal
Cortex
dc.type
JournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeen
Publication
Affiliations

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