Rojava - its allies and enemies : the meanders of politics towards the Syrian Kurdistan region

Bibliogr. s. 103-[105]

Celem niniejszych rozważań jest próba znalezienia odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: co sprawiło, że znaczne obszary północnej i północno-wschodniej Syrii, mimo zagrożeń wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych, zachowują charakter autonomii, w której znaczną rolę odgrywa syryjska społeczność kurdyjska? Jakie aspekty ideologiczne kształtują odrębność wspomnianego regionu? Dlaczego tego typu formacja quasi-państwowa uważana jest za zagrożenie dla sąsiadów, również dla władz Kurdystanu irackiego? W jakiej formie możliwe jest ewentualnie przetrwanie wspomnianej autonomii?

The purpose of the paper is to try to answer the following questions: What made significant areas of northern and northeastern Syria, retain the character of autonomy in which the Syrian Kurdish community plays a significant role? What ideological aspects shape the distinctiveness of the region in question? Why is this type of quasi-state formation considered a threat to its neighbors, including the authorities of Iraqi Kurdistan? In what form is the said autonomy to survive? The mentioned areas have acquired and retained the character of autonomy as a result of several factors stimulating political and military events. The region's distinctiveness is also guaranteed by the principle of democratic autonomy and democratic confederalism adopted by the Autonomous Administration of Northern and Eastern Syria, developed by Abdullah Öcalan. Although the multi-ethnic democratic structure developed in northeastern Syria is exposed to military attacks by the Turkish army radical Islamist groups, supported by Turkey, and the future of the Autonomy remains unclear, armed forces and civilian authorities have shown remarkable ability to create multi-ethnic local administrative and military institutions in regions liberated from the power of the so-called Islamic State and other Islamist / jihadist armed formations, providing services to local people, creating jobs, and employing civilian and military personnel from non-Kurdish people in a relatively short period of time.