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New limits on the Pauli forbidden transitions in C nuclei obtained with the complete Borexino dataset

2026
journal article
article
10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15912-9
Journal
European Physical Journal C
140
Author
Basilico D.

Bellini G.

Benziger J.

Biondi R.

Caccianiga B.
Show more
Volume
86
Number
6
Institution
Borexino Collaboration
Article ID
736
ISSN
1434-6044
eISSN
1434-6052
Language
English
Journal language
English
Abstract in English

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) was tested for nucleons in C nuclei using the Borexino dataset from 2007 to 2021. The approach consists of searching for -quanta, neutrons, protons, as well as electrons and positrons emitted in non-Paulian transitions of nucleons from the 1P shell to the filled 1S shell. Due to the uniquely low background level, the large mass, and long measurement time of the Borexino detector, the most stringent experimental constraints to date on the lifetime of the C nucleus with respect to PEP-forbidden transitions were obtained: , , , and (90% C.L.). The upper limits on the relative strengths for the non-Paulian electromagnetic, strong, and weak transitions have been obtained: and , all at 90% C.L.

Affiliation
Wydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut Fizyki im. Mariana Smoluchowskiego
dc.abstract.enThe Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) was tested for nucleons in $^{12}$C nuclei using the Borexino dataset from 2007 to 2021. The approach consists of searching for $\gamma$-quanta, neutrons, protons, as well as electrons and positrons emitted in non-Paulian transitions of nucleons from the 1P$_{3/2}$ shell to the filled 1S$_{1/2}$ shell. Due to the uniquely low background level, the large mass, and long measurement time of the Borexino detector, the most stringent experimental constraints to date on the lifetime of the $^{12}$C nucleus with respect to PEP-forbidden transitions were obtained: $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{12}\widetilde{C} + \gamma )\geq 1.1 \times 10^{32}y$, $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{11}\widetilde{B} + p )\geq 1.0 \times 10^{31}y$, $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{11}\widetilde{C} + n )\geq 2.0 \times 10^{31}y$, $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{12}\widetilde{N} + e^{-} + \bar{\nu}_{e})\geq 6.4 \times 10^{30}y$ and $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{12}\widetilde{B} + e^{+} + \nu_{e})\geq 6.6 \times 10^{30}y$ (90% C.L.). The upper limits on the relative strengths for the non-Paulian electromagnetic, strong, and weak transitions have been obtained: $\delta_{y}^{2}\leq 1.0 \times 10^{-57}, \delta_{N}^{2}\leq 7.0 \times 10^{-61}$ and $\delta_{\beta}^{2}\leq 9.6 \times 10^{-36}$, all at 90% C.L.
dc.affiliationWydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut Fizyki im. Mariana Smoluchowskiego
dc.contributor.authorBasilico, D.
dc.contributor.authorBellini, G.
dc.contributor.authorBenziger, J.
dc.contributor.authorBiondi, R.
dc.contributor.authorCaccianiga, B.
dc.contributor.authorCaminata, A.
dc.contributor.authorChepurnov, A.
dc.contributor.authorD’Angelo, D.
dc.contributor.authorDerbin, A.
dc.contributor.authorDi Giacinto, A.
dc.contributor.authorDi Marcello, V.
dc.contributor.authorDing, X. F.
dc.contributor.authorDi Ludovico, A.
dc.contributor.authorDi Noto, L.
dc.contributor.authorDrachnev, I.
dc.contributor.authorFranco, D.
dc.contributor.authorGalbiati, C.
dc.contributor.authorGhiano, C.
dc.contributor.authorGiammarchi, M.
dc.contributor.authorGoretti, A.
dc.contributor.authorGromov, M.
dc.contributor.authorGuffanti, D.
dc.contributor.authorIanni, A.
dc.contributor.authorIanni, A.
dc.contributor.authorJany, Anna - 102329
dc.contributor.authorKobychev, V.
dc.contributor.authorKorga, G.
dc.contributor.authorKumaran, S.
dc.contributor.authorLaubenstein, M.
dc.contributor.authorLitvinovich, E.
dc.contributor.authorLombardi, P.
dc.contributor.authorLomskaya, I.
dc.contributor.authorLudhova, L.
dc.contributor.authorMachulin, I.
dc.contributor.authorMartyn, J.
dc.contributor.authorMeroni, E.
dc.contributor.authorMiramonti, L.
dc.contributor.authorMisiaszek, Marcin - 173735
dc.contributor.authorMuratova, V.
dc.contributor.authorOberauer, L.
dc.contributor.authorOrekhov, V.
dc.contributor.authorOrtica, F.
dc.contributor.authorPallavicini, M.
dc.contributor.authorPelicci, L.
dc.contributor.authorPenek, Ö.
dc.contributor.authorPietrofaccia, L.
dc.contributor.authorPilipenko, N.
dc.contributor.authorPocar, A.
dc.contributor.authorRaikov, G.
dc.contributor.authorRanalli, M. T.
dc.contributor.authorRanucci, G.
dc.contributor.authorRazeto, A.
dc.contributor.authorRe, A.
dc.contributor.authorRossi, N.
dc.contributor.authorSchönert, S.
dc.contributor.authorSemenov, D.
dc.contributor.authorSettanta, G.
dc.contributor.authorSkorokhvatov, M.
dc.contributor.authorSinghal, A.
dc.contributor.authorSmirnov, O.
dc.contributor.authorSotnikov, A.
dc.contributor.authorTartaglia, R.
dc.contributor.authorTestera, G.
dc.contributor.authorUnzhakov, E.
dc.contributor.authorVishneva, A.
dc.contributor.authorVogelaar, R. B.
dc.contributor.authorvon Feilitzsch, F.
dc.contributor.authorWójcik, Marcin - 100062
dc.contributor.authorWurm, M.
dc.contributor.authorZavatarelli, S.
dc.contributor.authorZuber, K.
dc.contributor.authorZuzel, Grzegorz - 186344
dc.contributor.institutionBorexino Collaboration
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-10T12:48:13Z
dc.date.available2026-07-10T12:48:13Z
dc.date.createdat2026-07-06T07:35:51Zen
dc.date.issued2026
dc.date.openaccess0
dc.description.accesstimew momencie opublikowania
dc.description.number6
dc.description.versionostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume86
dc.identifier.articleid736
dc.identifier.doi10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15912-9
dc.identifier.eissn1434-6052
dc.identifier.issn1434-6044
dc.identifier.projectDRC AI
dc.identifier.urihttps://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/578545
dc.languageeng
dc.language.containereng
dc.rightsUdzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licenceCC-BY
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.typeotwarte czasopismo
dc.source.integratorfalse
dc.subtypeArticle
dc.titleNew limits on the Pauli forbidden transitions in $^{12}$C nuclei obtained with the complete Borexino dataset
dc.title.journalEuropean Physical Journal C
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublicationen
dc.abstract.en
The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) was tested for nucleons in $^{12}$C nuclei using the Borexino dataset from 2007 to 2021. The approach consists of searching for $\gamma$-quanta, neutrons, protons, as well as electrons and positrons emitted in non-Paulian transitions of nucleons from the 1P$_{3/2}$ shell to the filled 1S$_{1/2}$ shell. Due to the uniquely low background level, the large mass, and long measurement time of the Borexino detector, the most stringent experimental constraints to date on the lifetime of the $^{12}$C nucleus with respect to PEP-forbidden transitions were obtained: $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{12}\widetilde{C} + \gamma )\geq 1.1 \times 10^{32}y$, $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{11}\widetilde{B} + p )\geq 1.0 \times 10^{31}y$, $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{11}\widetilde{C} + n )\geq 2.0 \times 10^{31}y$, $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{12}\widetilde{N} + e^{-} + \bar{\nu}_{e})\geq 6.4 \times 10^{30}y$ and $\tau (^{12}C \to ^{12}\widetilde{B} + e^{+} + \nu_{e})\geq 6.6 \times 10^{30}y$ (90% C.L.). The upper limits on the relative strengths for the non-Paulian electromagnetic, strong, and weak transitions have been obtained: $\delta_{y}^{2}\leq 1.0 \times 10^{-57}, \delta_{N}^{2}\leq 7.0 \times 10^{-61}$ and $\delta_{\beta}^{2}\leq 9.6 \times 10^{-36}$, all at 90% C.L.
dc.affiliation
Wydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut Fizyki im. Mariana Smoluchowskiego
dc.contributor.author
Basilico, D.
dc.contributor.author
Bellini, G.
dc.contributor.author
Benziger, J.
dc.contributor.author
Biondi, R.
dc.contributor.author
Caccianiga, B.
dc.contributor.author
Caminata, A.
dc.contributor.author
Chepurnov, A.
dc.contributor.author
D’Angelo, D.
dc.contributor.author
Derbin, A.
dc.contributor.author
Di Giacinto, A.
dc.contributor.author
Di Marcello, V.
dc.contributor.author
Ding, X. F.
dc.contributor.author
Di Ludovico, A.
dc.contributor.author
Di Noto, L.
dc.contributor.author
Drachnev, I.
dc.contributor.author
Franco, D.
dc.contributor.author
Galbiati, C.
dc.contributor.author
Ghiano, C.
dc.contributor.author
Giammarchi, M.
dc.contributor.author
Goretti, A.
dc.contributor.author
Gromov, M.
dc.contributor.author
Guffanti, D.
dc.contributor.author
Ianni, A.
dc.contributor.author
Ianni, A.
dc.contributor.author
Jany, Anna - 102329
dc.contributor.author
Kobychev, V.
dc.contributor.author
Korga, G.
dc.contributor.author
Kumaran, S.
dc.contributor.author
Laubenstein, M.
dc.contributor.author
Litvinovich, E.
dc.contributor.author
Lombardi, P.
dc.contributor.author
Lomskaya, I.
dc.contributor.author
Ludhova, L.
dc.contributor.author
Machulin, I.
dc.contributor.author
Martyn, J.
dc.contributor.author
Meroni, E.
dc.contributor.author
Miramonti, L.
dc.contributor.author
Misiaszek, Marcin - 173735
dc.contributor.author
Muratova, V.
dc.contributor.author
Oberauer, L.
dc.contributor.author
Orekhov, V.
dc.contributor.author
Ortica, F.
dc.contributor.author
Pallavicini, M.
dc.contributor.author
Pelicci, L.
dc.contributor.author
Penek, Ö.
dc.contributor.author
Pietrofaccia, L.
dc.contributor.author
Pilipenko, N.
dc.contributor.author
Pocar, A.
dc.contributor.author
Raikov, G.
dc.contributor.author
Ranalli, M. T.
dc.contributor.author
Ranucci, G.
dc.contributor.author
Razeto, A.
dc.contributor.author
Re, A.
dc.contributor.author
Rossi, N.
dc.contributor.author
Schönert, S.
dc.contributor.author
Semenov, D.
dc.contributor.author
Settanta, G.
dc.contributor.author
Skorokhvatov, M.
dc.contributor.author
Singhal, A.
dc.contributor.author
Smirnov, O.
dc.contributor.author
Sotnikov, A.
dc.contributor.author
Tartaglia, R.
dc.contributor.author
Testera, G.
dc.contributor.author
Unzhakov, E.
dc.contributor.author
Vishneva, A.
dc.contributor.author
Vogelaar, R. B.
dc.contributor.author
von Feilitzsch, F.
dc.contributor.author
Wójcik, Marcin - 100062
dc.contributor.author
Wurm, M.
dc.contributor.author
Zavatarelli, S.
dc.contributor.author
Zuber, K.
dc.contributor.author
Zuzel, Grzegorz - 186344
dc.contributor.institution
Borexino Collaboration
dc.date.accessioned
2026-07-10T12:48:13Z
dc.date.available
2026-07-10T12:48:13Z
dc.date.createdaten
2026-07-06T07:35:51Z
dc.date.issued
2026
dc.date.openaccess
0
dc.description.accesstime
w momencie opublikowania
dc.description.number
6
dc.description.version
ostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume
86
dc.identifier.articleid
736
dc.identifier.doi
10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15912-9
dc.identifier.eissn
1434-6052
dc.identifier.issn
1434-6044
dc.identifier.project
DRC AI
dc.identifier.uri
https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/578545
dc.language
eng
dc.language.container
eng
dc.rights
Udzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licence
CC-BY
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.type
otwarte czasopismo
dc.source.integrator
false
dc.subtype
Article
dc.title
New limits on the Pauli forbidden transitions in $^{12}$C nuclei obtained with the complete Borexino dataset
dc.title.journal
European Physical Journal C
dc.type
JournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeen
Publication
Affiliations
No affiliation
Basilico, D.
Bellini, G.
Benziger, J.
Biondi, R.
Caccianiga, B.
Caminata, A.
Chepurnov, A.
D’Angelo, D.
Derbin, A.
Di Giacinto, A.
Di Marcello, V.
Ding, X. F.
Di Ludovico, A.
Di Noto, L.
Drachnev, I.
Franco, D.
Galbiati, C.
Ghiano, C.
Giammarchi, M.
Goretti, A.
Gromov, M.
Guffanti, D.
Ianni, A.
Kobychev, V.
Korga, G.
Kumaran, S.
Laubenstein, M.
Litvinovich, E.
Lombardi, P.
Lomskaya, I.
Ludhova, L.
Machulin, I.
Martyn, J.
Meroni, E.
Miramonti, L.
Muratova, V.
Oberauer, L.
Orekhov, V.
Ortica, F.
Pallavicini, M.
Pelicci, L.
Penek, Ö.
Pietrofaccia, L.
Pilipenko, N.
Pocar, A.
Raikov, G.
Ranalli, M. T.
Ranucci, G.
Razeto, A.
Re, A.
Rossi, N.
Schönert, S.
Semenov, D.
Settanta, G.
Skorokhvatov, M.
Singhal, A.
Smirnov, O.
Sotnikov, A.
Tartaglia, R.
Testera, G.
Unzhakov, E.
Vishneva, A.
Vogelaar, R. B.
von Feilitzsch, F.
Wurm, M.
Zavatarelli, S.
Zuber, K.
Wydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej
Jany, Anna
Misiaszek, Marcin
Wójcik, Marcin
Zuzel, Grzegorz

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