Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis

2024
journal article
article
3
dc.abstract.enThe Crab Nebula is a unique laboratory for studying the acceleration of electrons and positrons through their non-thermal radiation. Observations of very-high-energy γ rays from the Crab Nebula have provided important constraints for modelling its broadband emission. We present the first fully self-consistent analysis of the Crab Nebula’s γ-ray emission between 1 GeV and ∼100 TeV, that is, over five orders of magnitude in energy. Using the open-source software package GAMMAPY, we combined 11.4 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and 80 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data at the event level and provide a measurement of the spatial extension of the nebula and its energy spectrum. We find evidence for a shrinking of the nebula with increasing γ-ray energy. Furthermore, we fitted several phenomenological models to the measured data, finding that none of them can fully describe the spatial extension and the spectral energy distribution at the same time. Especially the extension measured at TeV energies appears too large when compared to the X-ray emission. Our measurements probe the structure of the magnetic field between the pulsar wind termination shock and the dust torus, and we conclude that the magnetic field strength decreases with increasing distance from the pulsar. We complement our study with a careful assessment of systematic uncertainties.
dc.affiliationWydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut – Obserwatorium Astronomiczne
dc.contributor.authorAharonian, F.
dc.contributor.authorAit Benkhali, F.
dc.contributor.authorAschersleben, J.
dc.contributor.authorAshkar, H.
dc.contributor.authorBackes, M.
dc.contributor.authorBaktash, A.
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa Martins, V.
dc.contributor.authorBatzofin, R.
dc.contributor.authorBecherini, Y.
dc.contributor.authorBerge, D.
dc.contributor.authorBernlöhr, K.
dc.contributor.authorBi, B.
dc.contributor.authorBöttcher, M.
dc.contributor.authorBoisson, C.
dc.contributor.authorBolmont, J.
dc.contributor.authorde Bony de Lavergne, M.
dc.contributor.authorBorowska, J.
dc.contributor.authorBradascio, F.
dc.contributor.authorBreuhaus, M.
dc.contributor.authorBrose, R.
dc.contributor.authorBrown, A.
dc.contributor.authorBrun, F.
dc.contributor.authorBruno, B.
dc.contributor.authorBulik, T.
dc.contributor.authorBurger-Scheidlin, C.
dc.contributor.authorBylund, T.
dc.contributor.authorCaroff, S.
dc.contributor.authorCasanova, S.
dc.contributor.authorCecil, R.
dc.contributor.authorCelic, J.
dc.contributor.authorCerruti, M.
dc.contributor.authorChambery, P.
dc.contributor.authorChand, T.
dc.contributor.authorChandra, S.
dc.contributor.authorChen, A.
dc.contributor.authorChibueze, J.
dc.contributor.authorChibueze, O.
dc.contributor.authorCotter, G.
dc.contributor.authorCristofari, P.
dc.contributor.authorDevin, J.
dc.contributor.authorDjannati-Ataï, A.
dc.contributor.authorDjuvsland, J.
dc.contributor.authorDmytriiev, A.
dc.contributor.authorEinecke, S.
dc.contributor.authorErnenwein, J.-P.
dc.contributor.authorFegan, S.
dc.contributor.authorFeijen, K.
dc.contributor.authorFilipović, M.
dc.contributor.authorFontaine, G.
dc.contributor.authorFüßling, M.
dc.contributor.authorFunk, S.
dc.contributor.authorGabici, S.
dc.contributor.authorGallant, Y. A.
dc.contributor.authorGiavitto, G.
dc.contributor.authorGlawion, D.
dc.contributor.authorGlicenstein, J. F.
dc.contributor.authorGlombitza, J.
dc.contributor.authorGoswami, P.
dc.contributor.authorGrolleron, G.
dc.contributor.authorGrondin, M.-H.
dc.contributor.authorHaerer, L.
dc.contributor.authorHinton, J. A.
dc.contributor.authorHofmann, W.
dc.contributor.authorHolch, T. L.
dc.contributor.authorHoller, M.
dc.contributor.authorHorns, D.
dc.contributor.authorJamrozy, Marek - 128434
dc.contributor.authorJankowsky, F.
dc.contributor.authorJoshi, V.
dc.contributor.authorKasai, E.
dc.contributor.authorKatarzyński, K.
dc.contributor.authorKhatoon, R.
dc.contributor.authorKhélifi, B.
dc.contributor.authorKluźniak, W.
dc.contributor.authorKomin, Nu.
dc.contributor.authorKosack, K.
dc.contributor.authorKostunin, D.
dc.contributor.authorKundu, A.
dc.contributor.authorLang, R. G.
dc.contributor.authorLe Stum, S.
dc.contributor.authorLeitl, F.
dc.contributor.authorLemière, A.
dc.contributor.authorLemoine-Goumard, M.
dc.contributor.authorLenain, J.-P.
dc.contributor.authorLeuschner, F.
dc.contributor.authorLuashvili, A.
dc.contributor.authorMackey, J.
dc.contributor.authorMalyshev, D.
dc.contributor.authorMarandon, V.
dc.contributor.authorMarinos, P.
dc.contributor.authorMartí-Devesa, G.
dc.contributor.authorMarx, R.
dc.contributor.authorMehta, A.
dc.contributor.authorMeyer, M.
dc.contributor.authorMitchell, A.
dc.contributor.authorModerski, R.
dc.contributor.authorMohrmann, L.
dc.contributor.authorMontanari, A.
dc.contributor.authorMoulin, E.
dc.contributor.authorMurach, T.
dc.contributor.authorde Naurois, M.
dc.contributor.authorNiemiec, J.
dc.contributor.authorO’Brien, P.
dc.contributor.authorOhm, S.
dc.contributor.authorOlivera-Nieto, L.
dc.contributor.authorde Ona Wilhelmi, E.
dc.contributor.authorOstrowski, Michał - 100042
dc.contributor.authorPanny, S.
dc.contributor.authorPanter, M.
dc.contributor.authorParsons, R. D.
dc.contributor.authorPeron, G.
dc.contributor.authorProkhorov, D. A.
dc.contributor.authorPühlhofer, G.
dc.contributor.authorPunch, M.
dc.contributor.authorQuirrenbach, A.
dc.contributor.authorRegeard, M.
dc.contributor.authorReichherzer, P.
dc.contributor.authorReimer, A.
dc.contributor.authorReimer, O.
dc.contributor.authorRen, H.
dc.contributor.authorRenaud, M.
dc.contributor.authorReville, B.
dc.contributor.authorRieger, F.
dc.contributor.authorRoellinghoff, G.
dc.contributor.authorRudak, B.
dc.contributor.authorSahakian, V.
dc.contributor.authorSalzmann, H.
dc.contributor.authorSasaki, M.
dc.contributor.authorSchüssler, F.
dc.contributor.authorSchutte, H. M.
dc.contributor.authorShapopi, J. N. S.
dc.contributor.authorSpecovius, A.
dc.contributor.authorSpencer, S.
dc.contributor.authorStawarz, Łukasz - 132081
dc.contributor.authorSteenkamp, R.
dc.contributor.authorSteinmassl, S.
dc.contributor.authorSteppa, C.
dc.contributor.authorStreil, K.
dc.contributor.authorSushch, I.
dc.contributor.authorSuzuki, H.
dc.contributor.authorTakahashi, T.
dc.contributor.authorTanaka, T.
dc.contributor.authorTerrier, R.
dc.contributor.authorTluczykont, M.
dc.contributor.authorTsuji, N.
dc.contributor.authorUnbehaun, T.
dc.contributor.authorvan Eldik, C.
dc.contributor.authorVecchi, M.
dc.contributor.authorVeh, J.
dc.contributor.authorVenter, C.
dc.contributor.authorVink, J.
dc.contributor.authorWach, T.
dc.contributor.authorWagner, S. J.
dc.contributor.authorWierzcholska, A.
dc.contributor.authorZacharias, M.
dc.contributor.authorZargaryan, D.
dc.contributor.authorZdziarski, A. A.
dc.contributor.authorZech, A.
dc.contributor.authorZouari, S.
dc.contributor.authorŻywucka, N.
dc.contributor.authorHarding, A.
dc.contributor.institutionH.E.S.S. Collaboration
dc.contributor.other
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-08T18:42:08Z
dc.date.available2024-10-08T18:42:08Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.openaccess0
dc.description.accesstimew momencie opublikowania
dc.description.versionostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume686
dc.identifier.articleidA308
dc.identifier.doi10.1051/0004-6361/202348651
dc.identifier.eissn1432-0746
dc.identifier.issn0004-6361
dc.identifier.urihttps://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/450680
dc.languageeng
dc.language.containereng
dc.rightsUdzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licenceCC-BY
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.typeotwarte czasopismo
dc.subject.enacceleration of particles
dc.subject.enradiation mechanisms: non-thermal
dc.subject.engamma rays: general
dc.subject.enISM: individual objects: Crab Nebula
dc.subtypeArticle
dc.titleSpectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis
dc.title.journalAstronomy and Astrophysics
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublicationen
dc.abstract.en
The Crab Nebula is a unique laboratory for studying the acceleration of electrons and positrons through their non-thermal radiation. Observations of very-high-energy γ rays from the Crab Nebula have provided important constraints for modelling its broadband emission. We present the first fully self-consistent analysis of the Crab Nebula’s γ-ray emission between 1 GeV and ∼100 TeV, that is, over five orders of magnitude in energy. Using the open-source software package GAMMAPY, we combined 11.4 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and 80 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data at the event level and provide a measurement of the spatial extension of the nebula and its energy spectrum. We find evidence for a shrinking of the nebula with increasing γ-ray energy. Furthermore, we fitted several phenomenological models to the measured data, finding that none of them can fully describe the spatial extension and the spectral energy distribution at the same time. Especially the extension measured at TeV energies appears too large when compared to the X-ray emission. Our measurements probe the structure of the magnetic field between the pulsar wind termination shock and the dust torus, and we conclude that the magnetic field strength decreases with increasing distance from the pulsar. We complement our study with a careful assessment of systematic uncertainties.
dc.affiliation
Wydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut – Obserwatorium Astronomiczne
dc.contributor.author
Aharonian, F.
dc.contributor.author
Ait Benkhali, F.
dc.contributor.author
Aschersleben, J.
dc.contributor.author
Ashkar, H.
dc.contributor.author
Backes, M.
dc.contributor.author
Baktash, A.
dc.contributor.author
Barbosa Martins, V.
dc.contributor.author
Batzofin, R.
dc.contributor.author
Becherini, Y.
dc.contributor.author
Berge, D.
dc.contributor.author
Bernlöhr, K.
dc.contributor.author
Bi, B.
dc.contributor.author
Böttcher, M.
dc.contributor.author
Boisson, C.
dc.contributor.author
Bolmont, J.
dc.contributor.author
de Bony de Lavergne, M.
dc.contributor.author
Borowska, J.
dc.contributor.author
Bradascio, F.
dc.contributor.author
Breuhaus, M.
dc.contributor.author
Brose, R.
dc.contributor.author
Brown, A.
dc.contributor.author
Brun, F.
dc.contributor.author
Bruno, B.
dc.contributor.author
Bulik, T.
dc.contributor.author
Burger-Scheidlin, C.
dc.contributor.author
Bylund, T.
dc.contributor.author
Caroff, S.
dc.contributor.author
Casanova, S.
dc.contributor.author
Cecil, R.
dc.contributor.author
Celic, J.
dc.contributor.author
Cerruti, M.
dc.contributor.author
Chambery, P.
dc.contributor.author
Chand, T.
dc.contributor.author
Chandra, S.
dc.contributor.author
Chen, A.
dc.contributor.author
Chibueze, J.
dc.contributor.author
Chibueze, O.
dc.contributor.author
Cotter, G.
dc.contributor.author
Cristofari, P.
dc.contributor.author
Devin, J.
dc.contributor.author
Djannati-Ataï, A.
dc.contributor.author
Djuvsland, J.
dc.contributor.author
Dmytriiev, A.
dc.contributor.author
Einecke, S.
dc.contributor.author
Ernenwein, J.-P.
dc.contributor.author
Fegan, S.
dc.contributor.author
Feijen, K.
dc.contributor.author
Filipović, M.
dc.contributor.author
Fontaine, G.
dc.contributor.author
Füßling, M.
dc.contributor.author
Funk, S.
dc.contributor.author
Gabici, S.
dc.contributor.author
Gallant, Y. A.
dc.contributor.author
Giavitto, G.
dc.contributor.author
Glawion, D.
dc.contributor.author
Glicenstein, J. F.
dc.contributor.author
Glombitza, J.
dc.contributor.author
Goswami, P.
dc.contributor.author
Grolleron, G.
dc.contributor.author
Grondin, M.-H.
dc.contributor.author
Haerer, L.
dc.contributor.author
Hinton, J. A.
dc.contributor.author
Hofmann, W.
dc.contributor.author
Holch, T. L.
dc.contributor.author
Holler, M.
dc.contributor.author
Horns, D.
dc.contributor.author
Jamrozy, Marek - 128434
dc.contributor.author
Jankowsky, F.
dc.contributor.author
Joshi, V.
dc.contributor.author
Kasai, E.
dc.contributor.author
Katarzyński, K.
dc.contributor.author
Khatoon, R.
dc.contributor.author
Khélifi, B.
dc.contributor.author
Kluźniak, W.
dc.contributor.author
Komin, Nu.
dc.contributor.author
Kosack, K.
dc.contributor.author
Kostunin, D.
dc.contributor.author
Kundu, A.
dc.contributor.author
Lang, R. G.
dc.contributor.author
Le Stum, S.
dc.contributor.author
Leitl, F.
dc.contributor.author
Lemière, A.
dc.contributor.author
Lemoine-Goumard, M.
dc.contributor.author
Lenain, J.-P.
dc.contributor.author
Leuschner, F.
dc.contributor.author
Luashvili, A.
dc.contributor.author
Mackey, J.
dc.contributor.author
Malyshev, D.
dc.contributor.author
Marandon, V.
dc.contributor.author
Marinos, P.
dc.contributor.author
Martí-Devesa, G.
dc.contributor.author
Marx, R.
dc.contributor.author
Mehta, A.
dc.contributor.author
Meyer, M.
dc.contributor.author
Mitchell, A.
dc.contributor.author
Moderski, R.
dc.contributor.author
Mohrmann, L.
dc.contributor.author
Montanari, A.
dc.contributor.author
Moulin, E.
dc.contributor.author
Murach, T.
dc.contributor.author
de Naurois, M.
dc.contributor.author
Niemiec, J.
dc.contributor.author
O’Brien, P.
dc.contributor.author
Ohm, S.
dc.contributor.author
Olivera-Nieto, L.
dc.contributor.author
de Ona Wilhelmi, E.
dc.contributor.author
Ostrowski, Michał - 100042
dc.contributor.author
Panny, S.
dc.contributor.author
Panter, M.
dc.contributor.author
Parsons, R. D.
dc.contributor.author
Peron, G.
dc.contributor.author
Prokhorov, D. A.
dc.contributor.author
Pühlhofer, G.
dc.contributor.author
Punch, M.
dc.contributor.author
Quirrenbach, A.
dc.contributor.author
Regeard, M.
dc.contributor.author
Reichherzer, P.
dc.contributor.author
Reimer, A.
dc.contributor.author
Reimer, O.
dc.contributor.author
Ren, H.
dc.contributor.author
Renaud, M.
dc.contributor.author
Reville, B.
dc.contributor.author
Rieger, F.
dc.contributor.author
Roellinghoff, G.
dc.contributor.author
Rudak, B.
dc.contributor.author
Sahakian, V.
dc.contributor.author
Salzmann, H.
dc.contributor.author
Sasaki, M.
dc.contributor.author
Schüssler, F.
dc.contributor.author
Schutte, H. M.
dc.contributor.author
Shapopi, J. N. S.
dc.contributor.author
Specovius, A.
dc.contributor.author
Spencer, S.
dc.contributor.author
Stawarz, Łukasz - 132081
dc.contributor.author
Steenkamp, R.
dc.contributor.author
Steinmassl, S.
dc.contributor.author
Steppa, C.
dc.contributor.author
Streil, K.
dc.contributor.author
Sushch, I.
dc.contributor.author
Suzuki, H.
dc.contributor.author
Takahashi, T.
dc.contributor.author
Tanaka, T.
dc.contributor.author
Terrier, R.
dc.contributor.author
Tluczykont, M.
dc.contributor.author
Tsuji, N.
dc.contributor.author
Unbehaun, T.
dc.contributor.author
van Eldik, C.
dc.contributor.author
Vecchi, M.
dc.contributor.author
Veh, J.
dc.contributor.author
Venter, C.
dc.contributor.author
Vink, J.
dc.contributor.author
Wach, T.
dc.contributor.author
Wagner, S. J.
dc.contributor.author
Wierzcholska, A.
dc.contributor.author
Zacharias, M.
dc.contributor.author
Zargaryan, D.
dc.contributor.author
Zdziarski, A. A.
dc.contributor.author
Zech, A.
dc.contributor.author
Zouari, S.
dc.contributor.author
Żywucka, N.
dc.contributor.author
Harding, A.
dc.contributor.institution
H.E.S.S. Collaboration
dc.contributor.other
dc.date.accessioned
2024-10-08T18:42:08Z
dc.date.available
2024-10-08T18:42:08Z
dc.date.issued
2024
dc.date.openaccess
0
dc.description.accesstime
w momencie opublikowania
dc.description.version
ostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume
686
dc.identifier.articleid
A308
dc.identifier.doi
10.1051/0004-6361/202348651
dc.identifier.eissn
1432-0746
dc.identifier.issn
0004-6361
dc.identifier.uri
https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/450680
dc.language
eng
dc.language.container
eng
dc.rights
Udzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licence
CC-BY
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.type
otwarte czasopismo
dc.subject.en
acceleration of particles
dc.subject.en
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
dc.subject.en
gamma rays: general
dc.subject.en
ISM: individual objects: Crab Nebula
dc.subtype
Article
dc.title
Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis
dc.title.journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
dc.type
JournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeen
Publication
Affiliations

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