Kako izobrazba oblikuje dojemanje kibernetske kriminalitete? : anketa med študenti računalništva in prava o izbranih spornih vprašanjih

Bibliogr. s. 166-171

Purpose: The technical dimensions of cybercrime and its control have rendered it an inconvenient subject for many criminologists. Adopting either semantic (legal) or syntactic (technical) perspectives on cyber criminality, as theorised by McGuire, can lead to disparate conclusions. The aim of this paper is to examine how these perspectives and corresponding educational backgrounds shape opinions on cybercrime and cybercrime policy. Design/Methods/Approach: To address this research question, we first provide a non-exhaustive review of existing critical literature on a few selected controversial issues in the field, including cyber vigilantism, file sharing websites, and political hacking. Based on these areas, we developed an online survey that we then distributed among students of law and computer science, as well as to a 'non-cyber contrast group' including mainly students of philology and philosophy. Findings: Statistical analysis revealed differences in the way respondents approached to most of the issues, which were sometimes moderated by the year of studies and gender. In general, the respondents were highly supportive of internet vigilantism, prioritised the cybercrimes of the powerful, and encouraged open access to cybersecurity. The computer science students expressed a lower fear of cybercrime and approved of hacktivism more frequently, while the law students affirmed a conservative vision of copyrights and demonstrated higher punitiveness towards cyber offenders. Interestingly, the computer science students were least likely to translate their fear of cybercrime into punitive demands. Research Limitations/Implications: The findings support the distinction between various narratives about cybercrime by showing the impact of professional socialization on the expressed opinions. They call for a consciously interdisciplinary approach to the subject and could be complemented by a comprehensive qualitative inquiry in the perception of cyber threats. Originality/Value: The authors wish to contribute to the understanding of the construction of cybercrime on the border of criminal law and computer science. Additionally, we present original data which reveal different views on related issues held by potential future professionals in both areas.

Namen prispevka: Zaradi tehničnih razsežnosti kibernetske kriminalitete in njenega nadzora je ta za mnoge kriminologe neprijetna tema. Sprejemanje semantičnega (pravnega) ali sintaktičnega (tehničnega) pogleda na kibernetsko kriminaliteto, kot ga je oblikoval McGuire, lahko privede do različnih zaključkov. Namen članka je preučiti, kako vidiki in ustrezna izobrazba oblikujejo mnenja o kibernetski kriminaliteti in politiki kibernetske kriminalitete. Metode: Da bi odgovorili na raziskovalno vprašanje, smo najprej pripravili neizčrpen pregled obstoječe kritične literature o nekaj izbranih spornih vprašanjih na tem področju, vključno s kibernetskim vigilantizmom, spletnimi stranmi za izmenjavo datotek in političnimi hekerskimi napadi. Na podlagi teh področij smo razvili spletno anketo, ki smo jo pozneje razdelili med študente prava in računalništva ter v “nekibernetsko kontrastno skupino”, ki je vključevala predvsem študente filologije in filozofije. Ugotovitve: Statistična analiza je razkrila razlike v pristopu k večini vprašanj, ki so včasih odvisne od letnika študija in spola. Na splošno so anketiranci zelo podpirali internetno vigilanco, osredotočanje na kibernetske zločine močnih in odprt dostop do kibernetske varnosti. Študenti računalništva so izrazili manjši strah pred kibernetsko kriminaliteto in pogosteje odobravali hektivizem, medtem ko so študenti prava potrdili konservativno vizijo avtorskih pravic in pokazali večjo kaznovalnost do kibernetskih prestopnikov. Zanimivo je, da so študenti računalništva svoj strah pred kibernetsko kriminaliteto najredkeje prenesli v kazenske zahteve. Praktična uporabnost: Ugotovitve podpirajo razlikovanje različnih pripovedi o kibernetski kriminaliteti, saj kažejo vpliv poklicne socializacije na izražena mnenja. Pozivajo k zavestnemu interdisciplinarnemu pristopu k tej temi in bi jih lahko dopolnili s celovito kvalitativno raziskavo dojemanja kibernetskih groženj. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Avtorji želijo prispevati k razumevanju konstrukcije kibernetske kriminalitete na meji kazenskega prava in računalništva. Poleg tega predstavljamo izvirne podatke, ki razkrivajo različne poglede prihodnjih strokovnjakov na obeh področjih na sorodna vprašanja.