The enigmatic origin of two dormant BH binaries : Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2

2024
journal article
article
2
dc.abstract.enThe two systems, namely, Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2, that have been confirmed as dormant (i.e. no X-ray emission detected) black hole (BH) – low-mass star binaries in the latest Gaia mission data release are intriguing in the context of their formation and evolution. Both systems consist of $\sim$ 9M$_{\bigodot}$ BH and $\sim$ 1M$_{\bigodot}$ star orbiting each other on a wide, eccentric orbit (e $\sim$ 0.5). We argue that formation of such Gaia BH-like systems through the isolated binary evolution (IBE) channel, under the standard common envelope assumptions, and from dynamical interactions in young massive and open clusters are equally probable, and that the formation rate of such binaries is of the order of 10$^{-7}$ M$_{\bigodot}^{-1}$ for both channels. We estimate that, according to our models, there are at most $\sim$ 900 detectable Gaia BH-like binaries in the Milky Way thin disc. What plays an important role in formation of Gaia BH-like systems via the IBE channel is the mutual position of the natal kick velocity vector and the binary angular momentum vector. We find that natal kicks with a median magnitude of $\sim$ 40 km s$^{-1}$ are preferred for the formation of Gaia BH1-like binaries. Approximately 94 per cent of those binaries are formed with the BH spin misaligned to the orbital axis by less than 40$\circ$. Gaia BH2-like binaries form if the low-velocity natal kick (of median magnitude $\sim$ 20 km s$^{-1}$) is directed within 15$\circ$ about the orbital plane. In addition to natal kick, we also discuss the influence of tidal interaction and the adopted common envelope $\lambda_{ce}$ parameter prescription on the evolution of Gaia BH-like binaries. We follow the subsequent evolution of the binaries, once formed as Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2 systems, to investigate their connection with the low-mass X-ray binary population.
dc.affiliationWydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut – Obserwatorium Astronomiczne
dc.contributor.authorKotko, Iwona - 135123
dc.contributor.authorBanerjee, S.
dc.contributor.authorBelczynski, K.
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-14T10:19:27Z
dc.date.available2025-02-14T10:19:27Z
dc.date.createdat2025-02-13T12:29:44Zen
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.openaccess0
dc.description.accesstimew momencie opublikowania
dc.description.number4
dc.description.physical3577-3594
dc.description.versionostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume535
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/mnras/stae2591
dc.identifier.eissn1365-2966
dc.identifier.issn0035-8711
dc.identifier.urihttps://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/548599
dc.languageeng
dc.language.containereng
dc.rightsUdzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licenceCC-BY
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.typeotwarte czasopismo
dc.subject.enmethods: numerical
dc.subject.enbinaries: general
dc.subject.enstars: black holes
dc.subject.enstars: evolution
dc.subject.enstars: kinematics and dynamics
dc.subject.enopen clusters and associations: general
dc.subtypeArticle
dc.titleThe enigmatic origin of two dormant BH binaries : Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2
dc.title.journalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublicationen
dc.abstract.en
The two systems, namely, Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2, that have been confirmed as dormant (i.e. no X-ray emission detected) black hole (BH) – low-mass star binaries in the latest Gaia mission data release are intriguing in the context of their formation and evolution. Both systems consist of $\sim$ 9M$_{\bigodot}$ BH and $\sim$ 1M$_{\bigodot}$ star orbiting each other on a wide, eccentric orbit (e $\sim$ 0.5). We argue that formation of such Gaia BH-like systems through the isolated binary evolution (IBE) channel, under the standard common envelope assumptions, and from dynamical interactions in young massive and open clusters are equally probable, and that the formation rate of such binaries is of the order of 10$^{-7}$ M$_{\bigodot}^{-1}$ for both channels. We estimate that, according to our models, there are at most $\sim$ 900 detectable Gaia BH-like binaries in the Milky Way thin disc. What plays an important role in formation of Gaia BH-like systems via the IBE channel is the mutual position of the natal kick velocity vector and the binary angular momentum vector. We find that natal kicks with a median magnitude of $\sim$ 40 km s$^{-1}$ are preferred for the formation of Gaia BH1-like binaries. Approximately 94 per cent of those binaries are formed with the BH spin misaligned to the orbital axis by less than 40$\circ$. Gaia BH2-like binaries form if the low-velocity natal kick (of median magnitude $\sim$ 20 km s$^{-1}$) is directed within 15$\circ$ about the orbital plane. In addition to natal kick, we also discuss the influence of tidal interaction and the adopted common envelope $\lambda_{ce}$ parameter prescription on the evolution of Gaia BH-like binaries. We follow the subsequent evolution of the binaries, once formed as Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2 systems, to investigate their connection with the low-mass X-ray binary population.
dc.affiliation
Wydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut – Obserwatorium Astronomiczne
dc.contributor.author
Kotko, Iwona - 135123
dc.contributor.author
Banerjee, S.
dc.contributor.author
Belczynski, K.
dc.date.accessioned
2025-02-14T10:19:27Z
dc.date.available
2025-02-14T10:19:27Z
dc.date.createdaten
2025-02-13T12:29:44Z
dc.date.issued
2024
dc.date.openaccess
0
dc.description.accesstime
w momencie opublikowania
dc.description.number
4
dc.description.physical
3577-3594
dc.description.version
ostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume
535
dc.identifier.doi
10.1093/mnras/stae2591
dc.identifier.eissn
1365-2966
dc.identifier.issn
0035-8711
dc.identifier.uri
https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/548599
dc.language
eng
dc.language.container
eng
dc.rights
Udzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licence
CC-BY
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.type
otwarte czasopismo
dc.subject.en
methods: numerical
dc.subject.en
binaries: general
dc.subject.en
stars: black holes
dc.subject.en
stars: evolution
dc.subject.en
stars: kinematics and dynamics
dc.subject.en
open clusters and associations: general
dc.subtype
Article
dc.title
The enigmatic origin of two dormant BH binaries : Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2
dc.title.journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
dc.type
JournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeen
Publication
Affiliations

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