Art. opubl. w cz. 2 tomu 1; bibliogr. s. 656

It is widely believed that civilian nuclear cooperation should not lead to proliferation, because there is no direct link between the construction of nuclear weapons and the development of civilian reactors. However, some types of civilian nuclear cooperation, allow the construction of nuclear weapon. This is because all form of civilian nuclear assistance, whether they include training of researchers, and supply of reactors or building fuel processing plants increase knowledge base and technical capabilities of the country, which may increase the likelihood of the spread of nuclear technologies for purposes other than intended. This article attempts to answer the question of whether the cooperation in the field of civil nuclear power, raises the risk of proliferation of dual-use technology for military purposes and undermines international security? How to strengthen and reform the IAEA and its enhanced nuclear safeguards system? The international community must improve existing mechanisms directed to eliminate the risk of nuclear technologies proliferation for military purposes. Another issue that require further support of all IAEA member countries is the need to increase the Agency control and supervision power.