Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations

2025
journal article
article
dc.abstract.enClassical pseudo-gauge transformations are discussed in the context of hydrodynamic models of heavy-ion collisions. A decomposition of the pseudo-gauge transformation into Lorentz-invariant tensors is made, which allows for better interpretation of its physical consequences. For pseudo-gauge transformations connecting two symmetric energy-momentum tensors, we find that the super-potential $\Phi^{\lambda\mu\nu}$ must obey a conservation law of the form $\partial_{\lambda}\Phi^{\lambda\mu\nu}$ = 0. This equation, referred to below as the STS condition, represents a constraint that is hardly possible to be satisfied for tensors constructed out of the basic hydrodynamic variables such as temperature, baryon chemical potential, and the hydrodynamic flow. However, in a special case of the boost-invariant flow, the STS condition is automatically fulfilled and a non-trivial residual pseudo-gauge transformation defined by a single scalar field is allowed. In this case the bulk and shear viscosity coefficients become pseudo-gauge dependent; however, their specific linear combination appearing in the equations of motion remains pseudo-gauge invariant. This finding provides new insights into the role of pseudo-gauge transformations and pseudo-gauge invariance.
dc.affiliationWydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut Fizyki Teoretycznej
dc.contributor.authorDrogosz, Zbigniew - 217072
dc.contributor.authorFlorkowski, Wojciech - 343994
dc.contributor.authorHontarenko, Mykhailo
dc.contributor.authorRyblewski, Radoslaw
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-15T14:42:03Z
dc.date.available2025-01-15T14:42:03Z
dc.date.createdat2025-01-14T14:56:35Zen
dc.date.issued2025
dc.date.openaccess0
dc.description.accesstimew momencie opublikowania
dc.description.versionostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume861
dc.identifier.articleid139244
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139244
dc.identifier.issn0370-2693
dc.identifier.urihttps://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/542121
dc.languageeng
dc.language.containereng
dc.rightsUdzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licenceCC-BY
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.typeotwarte czasopismo
dc.subject.enrelativistic dissipative hydrodynamics
dc.subject.enenergy-momentum tensor
dc.subject.enpseudo-gauge transformations
dc.subtypeArticle
dc.titleDynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations
dc.title.journalPhysics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublicationen
dc.abstract.en
Classical pseudo-gauge transformations are discussed in the context of hydrodynamic models of heavy-ion collisions. A decomposition of the pseudo-gauge transformation into Lorentz-invariant tensors is made, which allows for better interpretation of its physical consequences. For pseudo-gauge transformations connecting two symmetric energy-momentum tensors, we find that the super-potential $\Phi^{\lambda\mu\nu}$ must obey a conservation law of the form $\partial_{\lambda}\Phi^{\lambda\mu\nu}$ = 0. This equation, referred to below as the STS condition, represents a constraint that is hardly possible to be satisfied for tensors constructed out of the basic hydrodynamic variables such as temperature, baryon chemical potential, and the hydrodynamic flow. However, in a special case of the boost-invariant flow, the STS condition is automatically fulfilled and a non-trivial residual pseudo-gauge transformation defined by a single scalar field is allowed. In this case the bulk and shear viscosity coefficients become pseudo-gauge dependent; however, their specific linear combination appearing in the equations of motion remains pseudo-gauge invariant. This finding provides new insights into the role of pseudo-gauge transformations and pseudo-gauge invariance.
dc.affiliation
Wydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut Fizyki Teoretycznej
dc.contributor.author
Drogosz, Zbigniew - 217072
dc.contributor.author
Florkowski, Wojciech - 343994
dc.contributor.author
Hontarenko, Mykhailo
dc.contributor.author
Ryblewski, Radoslaw
dc.date.accessioned
2025-01-15T14:42:03Z
dc.date.available
2025-01-15T14:42:03Z
dc.date.createdaten
2025-01-14T14:56:35Z
dc.date.issued
2025
dc.date.openaccess
0
dc.description.accesstime
w momencie opublikowania
dc.description.version
ostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume
861
dc.identifier.articleid
139244
dc.identifier.doi
10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139244
dc.identifier.issn
0370-2693
dc.identifier.uri
https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/542121
dc.language
eng
dc.language.container
eng
dc.rights
Udzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licence
CC-BY
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.type
otwarte czasopismo
dc.subject.en
relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics
dc.subject.en
energy-momentum tensor
dc.subject.en
pseudo-gauge transformations
dc.subtype
Article
dc.title
Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations
dc.title.journal
Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics
dc.type
JournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeen
Publication
Affiliations

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