GRB redshift classifier to follow up high-redshift GRBs using supervised machine learning

2025
journal article
article
5
dc.abstract.enGamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense, short-lived bursts of gamma-ray radiation observed up to a high redshift (z $\sim$ 10) due to their luminosities. Thus, they can serve as cosmological tools to probe the early Universe. However, we need a large sample of high-z GRBs, currently limited due to the difficulty in securing time at the large aperture telescopes. Thus, it is painstaking to determine quickly whether a GRB is high-z or low-z, which hampers the possibility of performing rapid follow-up observations. Previous efforts to distinguish between high- and low-z GRBs using GRB properties and machine learning (ML) have resulted in limited sensitivity. In this study, we aim to improve this classification by employing an ensemble ML method on 251 GRBs with measured redshifts and plateaus observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Incorporating the plateau phase with the prompt emission, we have employed an ensemble of classification methods to unprecedentedly enhance the sensitivity. Additionally, we investigate the effectiveness of various classification methods using different redshift thresholds, z$_{threshold}$ = z$_{t}$ at z$_{t}$ = 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5. We achieve a sensitivity of 87% and 89% with a balanced sampling for both z$_{t}$ = 3.0 and z$_{t}$ = 3.5, respectively, representing a 9% and 11% increase in the sensitivity over random forest used alone. Overall, the best results are at z$_{t}$ = 3.5, where the difference between the sensitivity of the training set and the test set is the smallest. This enhancement of the proposed method paves the way for new and intriguing follow-up observations of high-z GRBs.
dc.affiliationWydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut – Obserwatorium Astronomiczne
dc.contributor.authorDainotti, Maria - 174440
dc.contributor.authorBhardwaj, Shubham
dc.contributor.authorCook, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorAnge, Joshua
dc.contributor.authorLamichhane, Nishan
dc.contributor.authorBogdan, Malgorzata
dc.contributor.authorMcGee, Monnie
dc.contributor.authorNadolsky, Pavel
dc.contributor.authorSarkar, Milind
dc.contributor.authorPollo, Agnieszka - 131503
dc.contributor.authorNagataki, Shigehiro
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-23T16:42:51Z
dc.date.available2025-09-23T16:42:51Z
dc.date.createdat2025-09-09T11:55:39Zen
dc.date.issued2025
dc.date.openaccess0
dc.description.accesstimew momencie opublikowania
dc.description.number1
dc.description.versionostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume277
dc.identifier.articleid31
dc.identifier.doi10.3847/1538-4365/adafa9
dc.identifier.eissn1538-4365
dc.identifier.issn0067-0049
dc.identifier.projectDRC AI
dc.identifier.urihttps://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/561118
dc.languageeng
dc.language.containereng
dc.rightsUdzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licenceCC-BY
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.typeotwarte czasopismo
dc.source.integratorfalse
dc.subject.engamma-ray bursts
dc.subject.ensupport vector machine
dc.subtypeArticle
dc.titleGRB redshift classifier to follow up high-redshift GRBs using supervised machine learning
dc.title.journalAstrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublicationen
dc.abstract.en
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense, short-lived bursts of gamma-ray radiation observed up to a high redshift (z $\sim$ 10) due to their luminosities. Thus, they can serve as cosmological tools to probe the early Universe. However, we need a large sample of high-z GRBs, currently limited due to the difficulty in securing time at the large aperture telescopes. Thus, it is painstaking to determine quickly whether a GRB is high-z or low-z, which hampers the possibility of performing rapid follow-up observations. Previous efforts to distinguish between high- and low-z GRBs using GRB properties and machine learning (ML) have resulted in limited sensitivity. In this study, we aim to improve this classification by employing an ensemble ML method on 251 GRBs with measured redshifts and plateaus observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Incorporating the plateau phase with the prompt emission, we have employed an ensemble of classification methods to unprecedentedly enhance the sensitivity. Additionally, we investigate the effectiveness of various classification methods using different redshift thresholds, z$_{threshold}$ = z$_{t}$ at z$_{t}$ = 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5. We achieve a sensitivity of 87% and 89% with a balanced sampling for both z$_{t}$ = 3.0 and z$_{t}$ = 3.5, respectively, representing a 9% and 11% increase in the sensitivity over random forest used alone. Overall, the best results are at z$_{t}$ = 3.5, where the difference between the sensitivity of the training set and the test set is the smallest. This enhancement of the proposed method paves the way for new and intriguing follow-up observations of high-z GRBs.
dc.affiliation
Wydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut – Obserwatorium Astronomiczne
dc.contributor.author
Dainotti, Maria - 174440
dc.contributor.author
Bhardwaj, Shubham
dc.contributor.author
Cook, Christopher
dc.contributor.author
Ange, Joshua
dc.contributor.author
Lamichhane, Nishan
dc.contributor.author
Bogdan, Malgorzata
dc.contributor.author
McGee, Monnie
dc.contributor.author
Nadolsky, Pavel
dc.contributor.author
Sarkar, Milind
dc.contributor.author
Pollo, Agnieszka - 131503
dc.contributor.author
Nagataki, Shigehiro
dc.date.accessioned
2025-09-23T16:42:51Z
dc.date.available
2025-09-23T16:42:51Z
dc.date.createdaten
2025-09-09T11:55:39Z
dc.date.issued
2025
dc.date.openaccess
0
dc.description.accesstime
w momencie opublikowania
dc.description.number
1
dc.description.version
ostateczna wersja wydawcy
dc.description.volume
277
dc.identifier.articleid
31
dc.identifier.doi
10.3847/1538-4365/adafa9
dc.identifier.eissn
1538-4365
dc.identifier.issn
0067-0049
dc.identifier.project
DRC AI
dc.identifier.uri
https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/561118
dc.language
eng
dc.language.container
eng
dc.rights
Udzielam licencji. Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowa
dc.rights.licence
CC-BY
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl
dc.share.type
otwarte czasopismo
dc.source.integrator
false
dc.subject.en
gamma-ray bursts
dc.subject.en
support vector machine
dc.subtype
Article
dc.title
GRB redshift classifier to follow up high-redshift GRBs using supervised machine learning
dc.title.journal
Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
dc.type
JournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeen
Publication
Affiliations

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