The research presented in this article was financed by the grant of the Polish National Science Center: Social Changes of the Muslim Communities in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Bulgaria in the Second Half of the 19th and at the Beginning of the 20th Century: Comparative Studies (2020/39/B/HS3/01717). For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission.

The article describes how the attitude of Bosnian Muslims toward the Ottoman Empire changed between 1850 and 1914. This was a very important period, as Turkish rule in Bosnia ended and Austro-Hungarian rule began. For some Bosnian elites, anti-Ottomanism was one of the elements of their national identity. The article is based on literature, as well as on archival materials found by the author in the archives in Sarajevo.