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The article analyses the attitude of the political elites of the USA and Great Britain
towards the question of Russia and the Soviet Union in the summer of 1920.
The analysis is based on the B. Colby Papers associated with the US Secretary of
State Bainbridge Colby, as well as material concerning President Woodrow Wilson
(the Congress Library in Washington), together with heretofore unexamined
documents regarding Philipp Kerr, private secretary to the British Prime
Minister David Lloyd George and the actual "éminence" gris of his cabinet (P. Kerr
Papers, National Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh) and the Cabinet Papers at the
National Archives in London. From January 1920 Lloyd George conducted a consistent
policy of maintaining an agreement with Soviet Russia, known as “peace
through trade”. Its culmination was an invitation to London issued to a political
delegation headed by Lev Kamenev, member of the Political Bureau. At the same
time, the United States withdrew from active policy in Europe after the Senate
rejected the Versailles Treaty. Within this context the author analysed the reaction
of the Wilson Administration and the Lloyd George cabinet towards Soviet aggression in Central Europe, when in August 1920 the Red Army reached Warsaw
and Lenin proclaimed the Sovietisation of Poland. The British response to
this challenge to the entire Versailles system assumed the form of a decision
made by Lloyd George (also on 10 August 1920), urging Poland to capitulate in
the face of the demands formulated by Moscow. By relinquishing Poland to the
Soviet empire the British prime minister hoped to achieve reconciliation with
Lenin at a diplomatic conference that was to take place in London in the autumn
of 1920. The Americans responded to Soviet aggression by declaring passivity,
announced by Bainbridge Colby in his famous note of 10 August. The author
presented the origin of this act as well as the motives for the Lloyd George
resolution conceived as an historical prefiguration of the isolationism policy (in
the case of the USA) and appeasement (in the case of Great Britain).