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Hybrid threats and warfare, are we really facing something new?

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Hybrid threats and warfare, are we really facing something new?

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dc.contributor.author Królikowski, Hubert [SAP11020270] pl
dc.date.accessioned 2019-02-25T12:05:13Z
dc.date.available 2019-02-25T12:05:13Z
dc.date.issued 2017 pl
dc.identifier.issn 2080-5268 pl
dc.identifier.uri https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/69167
dc.language eng pl
dc.rights Dodaję tylko opis bibliograficzny *
dc.rights.uri *
dc.title Hybrid threats and warfare, are we really facing something new? pl
dc.type JournalArticle pl
dc.description.physical 9-22 pl
dc.identifier.weblink https://internalsecurity.pl/resources/html/articlesList?issueId=11417 pl
dc.abstract.en Since 2014 the term hybrid warfare and threats has become catchword. This term (hybrid warfare) was introduced to academic discourse by William J. Nemeth in 2002 in relation to the wars in Chechnya and popularised in 2006 by Frank G. Hoffman in relation, among other things, to the second Intifada. In 2014 after the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the outbreak of fighting in eastern Ukraine, the terms hybrid war and hybrid threats were transferred from scholarly discussion to politics and official documents. The author seeks to answer the following question: is the invention of so called hybrid warfare and hybrid threats something new, or rather a confused reaction to European Union and NATO astonishment at Russian activity in the eastern and southern frontiers of Ukraine. The fact that armed conflict includes mixed elements of regular and irregular forms of armed combat, guerillas and terrorists, criminal acts, use of new technologies to conduct armed, information, psychological or economic warfare is not new. Scholars who investigate hybrid conflicts give examples of historic wars starting from the war between Rome and the Germans (Publius Quinctilius Varus campaign in 9 AD against German tribes led by Arminius), through the war of independence in the USA, to the Chechen wars. Nowadays, greater and greater dependence on technology, information delivered in almost real time and the creation of more elaborate and complicated procedures and decisive processes in Western countries have increased the vulnerability to hostile actions other than military ones and ones that use military force. pl
dc.subject.en hybrid warfare pl
dc.subject.en hybrid treats pl
dc.subject.en military activities pl
dc.description.volume 9 pl
dc.description.number 2 pl
dc.identifier.doi 10.5604/01.3001.0012.1698 pl
dc.title.journal Internal Security pl
dc.language.container eng pl
dc.date.accession 2019-02-25 pl
dc.affiliation Wydział Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych : Instytut Bliskiego i Dalekiego Wschodu pl
dc.subtype Article pl
dc.rights.original OTHER; otwarte czasopismo; ostateczna wersja wydawcy; po opublikowaniu; 6 pl
dc.identifier.project ROD UJ / O pl
.pointsMNiSW [2017 B]: 10


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