In Greek literature, eternal life in the Elysian fi elds was a reward for heroes dying for their country. Virgil took up the concept and extended Homer’s Hades in
The Aeneid, book VI, moreover, following Plato, admitted to the Elysian feast also
Apollo’s servants: sages and pious bards (presumably, epic poets - artists of the
highest rank).
The precedent was at once used by the followers of the less serious Muse -
writers of love elegies such as Propertius (IV 7) and Tibullus (I 3) - who were quite
daring in its application. Having revalued Virgil’s ethics, they adjusted his motives of strictly epic origin to the elegiac work of their creation where the highest
value is love. Love is above the law, sacred tradition and morality of Rome. Th us
in the elegiac Hades, faith to love gods is rewarded; betrayal of love, its rejection
(regardless of the reason) deserve the highest punishment. A special place in the
Elysian fi elds belongs to a poet in the service of Venus and Cupid.
In my article I would like to demonstrate the signifi cance of the genre convention in classic and classicizing literature using as an example the motif of Elysium. Because Tibullus, transferring a noble epic motif to erotic poetry, by means
of elegiac lexis, topics and characteristic ethics à rebours, built a Hades that was
thoroughly elegiac and subordinated to the genre convention.
The renaissance poets were also deeply aware of the convention and used its
tools to build their own worlds and stories in dialogue with ancient masters. This
thesis can well be illustrated by the Hades built by Jan Kochanowski in the elegy II 10 where we come across such ambiguous places as Elysium for poets who
committed suicide. In this roaming through Inferno and Paradiso Kochanowski is
accompanied by the Latin poet Petrarch.
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1
affiliation:
Wydział Polonistyki : Katedra Komparatystyki Literackiej, Wydział Polonistyki : Katedra Historii Literatury Staropolskiej