Ever since utopian literature appeared, the idea of a perfect world has implied -
as an indispensable element - the need for man’s improvement or even shaping
him anew through implementing eugenic projects and specifi c educational actions. But the utopian literature of the XXth century went even further: although
in 1923 Herbert George Wells tried to draw such a trajectory of the evolution of
mankind as to make its representatives become ‘like gods’, subsequent writers
explored the possibility of creating a new race of rational beings to replace man
in the future.
It is thus worth tracing the new concepts of mankind in the XXth and XXIst
century novels where it is a product of cloning (A. Huxley, K. Ishiguro, M. Houellebecq), has adapted to life on Earth following an apocalypse (M. Atwood) or is
a result of the world’s virtualization (J. Dukaj). Th e new creatures which in theory were supposed to be a ‘perfect product’ exceeding the limits of human existence, in practice appear to have latent defects. The creation of neohumans,
stahs, ‘blacks’ or ‘the Crakers’ that uses the implicit concept of the ‘ideal rational
being’ lets contemporary writers make various, not always optimistic, forecasts
concerning ‘man of the future’.
number of pulisher's sheets:
1
affiliation:
Wydział Polonistyki : Katedra Komparatystyki Literackiej