We analyse reforms in mathematical education and their reflection in curricula and Polish textbooks for mathematics influenced by the New Mathematics trend in the 1960s and attempts to introduce a ten-year primary school in the middle 1970s. We focus on changes due to the conversion of a two-level Polish school in the late 1990s to a threelevel school: primary, middle school and high school, up to the decision of a reintroduction of a two-level primary school and high school at present.