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The Age of Reason is now considered an epoch in which the process of cultural changes that shaped modern consciousness started. Examining these processes Charles Taylor in his work on A Secular Age presents his view on religion as being closely related with culture and always expressed in particular historical and cultural contexts. (Taylor 2007) According to him, the most important feature of the modern culture is a bent to impersonality which creates the immanent frame. This frame which provides a new context for our thinking and acting is now common to people in the modern West, where religion is almost completely absent in the "public space". (Schweiker 2009) But in Taylor’s view religion can be defined as a set of beliefs, practices and institutions that still exists in our contemporary society. In fact, he supplements the traditional meaning of religion in terms of belief in the transcendent with one related to the practical context. Thus, by analyzing the concept of the immanent frame, on the background of the Western tradition and culture, Taylor discovers and explains us the new shape that the idea of immanency takes on in the XXI century. His defense of religion, however, seems problematic. In polemic with the secular tradition of the Enlightenment he reduces religion to the context of our everyday life, based on customary behavior, tradition and social rules. Like Richard Rorty he observes that religion has no longer been a foundation for political structures, values and human affairs. (Rorty 2008; Rorty, Vattimo 2005; Taylor 2011) However, his concept of inner transcendence is also without foundations as Taylor’s communitarian vision of a man does not allow for finding a place on which a sought for God can be based. Presenting the immanent frame Taylor in fact does not solve the problem of metaphysical foundation for moral values and spirituality. Instead, he offers a description of our secular modernity in which religious beliefs are interpreted in worldly or human terms.
słowa kluczowe w j. angielskim:
Enlightenment, religion, immanence, secularism
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