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The paper aims to present the demographic changes in Gliwice, caused by the migration flows during and after the Second World War. Those migrations, which could be observed in 1945, are unprecedented in the history of Silesia. The statistics shown in the article confirm the impact of the war on the number of the citizens of Gliwice. This situation is bound both with the war itself, and the problems with identity and nationality of the citizens of Gliwice. The paper attempts to determine the reasons for leaving the city by its residents, and the policy of new authorities of the city towards the indigenous people.