Nonlocal properties of an ensemble of diagonal random unitary matrices of order N
2
are investigated.
The average Schmidt strength of such a bipartite diagonal quantum gate is shown to scale
as log N, in contrast to the log N
2 behavior characteristic to random unitary gates. Entangling
power of a diagonal gate U is related to the von Neumann entropy of an auxiliary quantum state
ρ = AA†
/N2
, where the square matrix A is obtained by reshaping the vector of diagonal elements
of U of length N
2
into a square matrix of order N. This fact provides a motivation to study the
ensemble of non-hermitian unimodular matrices A, with all entries of the same modulus and random
phases and the ensemble of quantum states ρ, such that all their diagonal entries are equal to
1/N. Such a state is contradiagonal with respect to the computational basis, in sense that among
all unitary equivalent states it maximizes the entropy copied to the environment due to the coarse
graining process. The first four moments of the squared singular values of the unimodular ensemble
are derived, based on which we conjecture a connection to a recently studied combinatorial object
called the “Borel triangle”. This allows us to find exactly the mean von Neumann entropy for
random phase density matrices and the average entanglement for the corresponding ensemble of
bipartite pure states.
number of pulisher's sheets:
1
affiliation:
Wydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej : Instytut Fizyki im. Mariana Smoluchowskiego