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This article discusses the reception of James Joyce’s novel “Ulysses” in the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s. In the 1920s, reception was limited to short press releases. The only exception was the film director Sergei Eisenstein, who drew an analogy between his own works and the method used in “Ulysses”, and placed great value on the works of Joyce. In the 1930s, the interpretation of “Ulysses” was subject to the requirements of the Soviet ideology, and the work itself condemned. Joyce was accused of extreme formality and subjectivity. His work was regarded with reactionary and counter-revolutionary significance. “Ulysses” was called “a product of decay and degeneration of bourgeois consciousness”. However, despite this interpretation, some famous Soviet writers and scholars of this time (Pasternak, Akhmatova, Shklovsky, Bakhtin) knew “Ulysses” and read it with delight.