Since the beginning of its being as a separate science, the literary Slavic Studies were focused on comparing of national literatures with world literature, that leaded to emphasize the differences and even weakness of Western and Southern Slavonic literatures. The situation of literary Slavic Studies in Poland changed in 1970. with appearing of two literary schools – structuralism and semiotics (both based on Tartu Moscow School). The new approach changed the perspective from ergocentric (focused on the literary text) to contextual (focused on mechanisms behind and around the text). The author of the paper presents the most important Polish Slavists and how their work was infl uenced by so called cultural turn.