A comprehensive review of the reports concerning the synthesis of symmetrical and, particularly, mixed
acetals and orthoesters with transition metal compounds and complexes as catalysts is presented. The
following methods for the synthesis of symmetric and mixed acetals are discussed: acetalization of alde-
hydesorketoneswithalcoholsordiols;transacetalization;synthesisfromvinylandallylethers;synthesis
via
intra-orintermolecularadditionofOHgrouptoatriplebond;oxidationofprimaryalcohols;tetrahy-
dropyranylation of alcohols or phenols; synthesis from epoxides and aldehydes or ketones; formation of 1,3-dioxanes by Prins cyclization of olefins with paraformaldehyde; oxidative cyclization-carbonylation
of ynones; acetalization of ene-diol under Wacker-type catalysis. Reviewed is also the synthesis of mixed
orthoesters
via
additionofalcoholsandphenolstoacroleinacetals.Presentedaremethodsoftheisolation
of pure products, recycling of the catalysts (if applicable) and the advantages of the metal complexes
compared to classical catalysts, Brønsted acids in particular. The relationship between the structure and
reactivity was analyzed and the mechanisms of the reactions of acetal formation catalyzed by transition
metal compounds and complexes were discussed.
keywords in English:
acetal synthesis, transition metal catalyst
departmental parameterization:
50
affiliation:
Wydział Chemii : Zakład Chemii Fizycznej i Elektrochemii