In an essay entitled Conrad’s Stereotypes - published in 1957 - Miłosz sees Conrad as
"the typical old Polish nobleman who remained faithful to the way in which he had lived and
thought as a young man." Miłosz speaks of his own affi nity with Conrad (and Mickiewicz), explaining
that it derives from a set of shared emotional and historical experiences that were deeply
ingrained in the minds of the inhabitants of the ‘Eastern Borderlands’of the old Polish-Lithuanian-
Ruthenian Commonwealth. This ‘Eastern Borderlands’ cultural identity may well have enabled
Conrad to give an authentic portrayal of the Russian characters in Under Western Eyes. The counterpart
to Mickiewicz’s and Conrad’s condemnation of autocracy and the fairness of their attitude
towards Russians was Miłosz’s willingness to maintain friendly relations with contemporary
Russian ‘dissidents’ who had stood up against the oppressive political system of the Soviet Union.
Surprisingly, however, he does not draw any parallels between the Polish stereotype of Russia and
the portrayal of Russia which is to be found in Russian political literature. Miłosz concludes by
observing that in Under Western Eyes it was only through the purely artistic merits of his writing
that Conrad could have hoped to win over his English-speaking readers, while at the same time
remaining "faithful to a tradition that would have seemed exotic to anyone living in another country"
- and for this achievement he deserves praise.
keywords in English:
Czesław Miłosz, Joseph Conrad, Poland, Lithuania, Ruthenia, Ukraine, Russia, Apollo Korzeniowski, Adam Mickiewicz, Astolphe de Custine, "Poland and Muscovy", "Forefathers' Eve", "Under Western Eyes", "The Secret Agent", "Heart of Darkness", "A Treatise on Poetry", "A Treatise on Morality"