Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 9

: The paper presents new records for 39 vascular plant species from eight Eurasian countries. Aniselytron treutleri (Poaceae), Hackelochloa granularis (Poaceae), Melica kozlovii (Poaceae) and Melica nutans (Poaceae) are reported from China; Dichondra micrantha (Convolvulaceae) from Hungary; Orobanche serbica (Orobanchaceae) and Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Santalaceae) from Italy; Petrorhagia prolifera (Caryophyllaceae), Puccinellia schischkinii and Stipa pulcherrima (Poaceae) from Kyrgyzstan; Megadenia speluncarum (Brassicaceae), Phelipanche lavandulacea (Orobanchaceae), Solanum physalifolium (Solanaceae), Thymus lenensis (Lamiaceae) from Russia; Rubus phoenicolasius (Rosaceae) from Slovakia; Atraphaxis karataviensis (Polygonaceae) from Tajikistan; as well as Rubus austroslovacus and R. crispomarginatus (Rosaceae) in addition to Taraxacum acervatulum, T. aequilobum , T. amplum , T. ancistrolobum , T. bellicum , T. collarispinulosum , T. copidophyllum , T. corynodes , T. dentatum , T. gelertii , T. infuscatum , T. ingens , T. lucidum , T. paucilobum , T. plumbeum , T. portentosum , T. sinuatum , T. subhuelphersianum , T. telmatophilum , T. undulatiforme and T. undulatum (Asteraceae) from Ukraine. For each species synonyms, general distribution, habitat preferences, notes on taxonomy with remarks concerning recognition and distinction of the species from the most similar taxa occurring in a given country, as well as a list of recorded localities (often far from the previously known areas) are presented.

2019b). e present paper is dedicated to new national and regional vascular plant records, to broad our knowledge on their distribution and taxonomy.
For each species synonyms, general distribution, habitat preferences, taxonomy with remarks on recognition and di erentiation the species from the most similar occurring in a given country, as well as a list of localities recorded (o en far from the previously known areas) were presented. e taxa presented below are given in alphabetic order in two groups, for Asian and for European countries.

Atraphaxis karataviensis Pavlov & Lipschitz (Polygonaceae)
Contributors -Arkadiusz Nowak, Marcin Nobis Distribution and habitat Atraphaxis karataviensis is an endemic species to the Karatu Mts., the westernmost range of the Tian-Shan (the Syrdarian subsection) and northwestern Pamir-Alai within Kyrgyzstan in Middle Asia (Pavlov, 1936). It is known from the few stations on screes and rock outcrops in desert-like, dry habitats in mid elevation zones, mainly between 1300-2000 m a.s.l. (Pavlov, 1936;Ovchinnikov, 1968). e species was supposed to occur in Tajikistan and mentioned in the 3rd volume of the country's ora (Ovchinnikov, 1968). During the eld research in the northern Pamir-Alai (Tajikistan), we found a population of Atraphaxis karataviensis on rock faces in the Alaian range north from Damburacha settlement. Population including approximately 200 individuals composes a dwarf-shrub stand on southern exposition, on limestone outcrops. Also Silene guntensis, Campanula lehmanniana and Asperulula albi ora contribute to the plant community. e location is one of the highest of this species, elevated up to 3000 m a.s.l.
Taxonomic notes Until now, ve species of the genus Atraphaxis were reported from Tajikistan. e di erences between species concern mainly ower structure and leaves position (Ovchinnikov, 1968). Atraphaxis karataviensis (Figure 1) can be easily distinguished from other Atraphaxis species by its 4-petal owers and dwarf-shrub life form (10-30 cm tall). Additionally, Atraphaxis karataviensis has small leaves (ca. 2-3 mm long) whereas most similar Atraphaxis spinosa L. has longer leaves (up to 9 mm) and is a much higher plant (30-90 cm tall).

Contributor -Beata Paszko
Distribution and habitat Hackelochloa granularis (Linnaeus) Kuntze has a more or less pantropical distribution. In China, H. granularis was recorded till now from the following provinces: Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang (Sun and Phillips, 2006). Here, the rst records of H. granularis are reported from Hunan (Baojing, Dongkou, and Yizhang Counties) and Jiangxi (Dexing City and Tonggu County), Southeast China. Hackelochloa granularis occur in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate zones of the world. It grows on grassy slopes, in forest gaps and in disturbed areas, at elevation between 100 and 1000 m a.s.l. (Noltie, 2000;Sun and Phillips, 2006).
Taxonomic notes Hackelochloa (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) is a genus including only two species: Hackelochloa granularis (Linnaeus) Kuntze and Hackelochloa porifera (Hackel) D. Rhind. Both of them are recorded in China. is genus is readily recognizable by its unique, globose or broadly oblong, sessile spikelets. e status of the genus itself and the species distinction itself have been questioned. Veldkamp, de Koning, and Sosef (1986), Veldkamp et al. (2013) and their followers, i.e. Soreng et al. (2015) placed its two members in the related genus Mnesithea Kunth, and Hackelochloa porifera has subsequently been treated as a synonym of Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning and Sosef. Recently, Arthan et al. (2016) supported the recognition of Hackelochloa porifera as distinct from Hackelochloa granularis and provided evidence that the genus Hackelochloa should be maintained. Hackelochloa granularis di ers from Hackelochloa porifera in spikelet morphology. Both species di er in shape of sessile spikelet (subglobose in Hackelochloa granularis vs. broadly oblong in Hackelochloa porifera), structure of lower glume surface (pitted and tubercled on the back in Hackelochloa granularis vs. ridged and reticulate on the back in Hackelochloa porifera), lower glume length of sessile spikelet (0.8-1.3 mm long in Hackelochloa granularis vs. 1.5-2.5 mm long in Hackelochloa porifera), and length of racemes (up to 1.5 cm in Hackelochloa granularis vs. more than 2 cm in Hackelochloa porifera) (Noltie, 2000;Sun and Phillips, 2006;Arthan et al., 2016).
A joint botanical expedition of Tomsk State University and Smithsonian Institution encountered a new population of Megadenia speluncarum about 300 km from its locus classicus, in the forest on the Vityaz Bay, near the road, in 2018. e population covered an area of about 4.5 m 2 . It included vegetative as well as reproductive individuals ( Figure 2). More localities of this rare species are likely to be found near the newly reported location.
Taxonomic notes Previously, the genus Megadenia Maxim. includes three species. ey are distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Megadenia pygmaea Maxim.), in eastern Sayan Mts south of Lake Baikal (Megadenia bardunovii Popov), and Primorsky Krai, Lozovoy Ridge (Megadenia speluncarum). Later the taxonomic status of these species was evaluated, and all three species, due their high morphological similarity, were synonymized as Megadenia pygmaea (Berkutenko, 1998;Zhou et al., 2001;Ostroumova and Berkutenko, 2010). Finally, detailed research, using molecular methods, allowed Artyukova, Kozyrenko, and Gorovoy (2014) to restore the species status for Megadenia speluncarum. eir data on the plastid genome revealed a clear subdivision of the genus into three lineages matching the three described species.
e second locality is prescribed by Tzvelev (1968) to the Mongolica Province, the Mongolia Subprovince, and the Chesi Region. ese regions were de ned by Grubov (1963) and the area of Mongolia Subprovince sensu Tzvelev (1968) does not correspond with the present borders of Mongolia. e Chesi region is located mostly in the present-day area of Gansu, what was shown on the map provided by Grubov (1963). Later, Grubov (1982) as well as Hempel (2011) Wu and Phillips (2006) and Huang et al. (2011) provided eight Chinese endemic species in the genus Melica. Melica kozlovii was not listed by these authors. My ndings showed that the distribution range of M. kozlovii is restricted to China, and this species should be recognized as a Chinese endemic. Melica kozlovii occurs in the middle and upper mountain areas, at rocky slopes and in mountain valleys, from 1950 m to 3900 m.
Taxonomic notes e genus Melica is represented by 23 species in China (Wu and Phillips, 2006). Melica kozlovii belongs to the group consisting of several species characterized by branched panicles bearing more than 15 spikelets per panicle branch. Melica kozlovii di ers from Melica tangutorum Tzvelev, Melica tibetica Roshevitz, and Melica sub ava Z. L. Wu by the laxer panicles, presence of lobes, ca. 3 mm wide, at the junction of leaf sheath and blade, and longer anthers, 1.2-2.2 mm long (Wu and Phillips, 2006). According to Hempel (2011)

Melica nutans L. (Poaceae)
Contributor -Beata Paszko Distribution and habitat Melica nutans is a widespread Eurasian woodland species. It is distributed in most of Europe, but it is rare in the Mediterranean region and its islands. In Asia, it occurs in Siberia, Soviet Far East, Soviet Middle Asia, the Caucasus, northern China, and eastern Asia (Meusel et al., 1965;Tyler, 2002). Melica nutans is quite rare in China. Till now, it was recorded from Heilongjiang and Xinjiang provinces (Wu and Phillips, 2006). Here, new records of M. nutans are reported from Changbai Mt. in the Antu County in the southern Jilin and in the Ningwu County of Shanxi, China. Melica nutans is a rhizomatous, perennial grass occurring in shady and o en rocky places in deciduous woodland, and on woodland margins.
Taxonomic notes ere are three Melica species (Melica grandi ora Koidz., Melica nutans, Melica pappiana W.Hempel) that are characterized by racemelike panicles, bearing a few (3-15) spikelets. Melica nutans di ers from Melica grandi ora and Melica pappiana by shorter spikelets, (5-8 mm long vs. 7-10 mm long, respectively), purplish red glumes (vs. glumes usually green), eventually nodding panicles (vs. erect panicles) (Wu and Phillips, 2006). Contributors -Agnieszka Nobis, Marcin Nobis, Arkadiusz Nowak, Georgy A. Lazkov Distribution and habitat Natural range of Petrorhagia prolifera includes central and southern Europe as well as southwest Asia (region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea) (Ball and Akeroyd, 2010). Besides, the species was introduced to Africa, North and South America and Australia (Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2019). In the mountains of central Asia the genus Petrorhagia has been represented only by Petrorhagia alpina (Habl.) P.W. Ball & Heywood (Bondarenko, 1971;Lazkov and Sultanova, 2014) and Petrorhagia cretica (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, the latter restricted to Turkmenistan (Kopetdag) (Bondarenko, 1971). Petrorhagia prolifera was recorded for the rst time in central Asia in 2015. e occurrence of the species was con rmed in the next year. Population of the species was observed on the roadside in Kyrgyzstan (Figure 3), and it included several hundreds of individuals. Probably, Petrorhagia prolifera has been accidentally introduced in this region and further localities will be found in near future.
Taxonomic notes e genus Petrorhagia (Ser. ex DC.) Link includes ca. 20 species distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region. All species are typical for dry, calcareous or sandy habitats (Ball and Akeroyd, 2010). Petrorhagia prolifera can be easily distinguished from Petrorhagia alpina and Petrorhagia cretica which are annual plants with white petals (3-9 mm long in Petrorhagia alpina and included in the calyx in Petrorhagia cretica) whereas Petrorhagia prolifera is perennial and has pink petals with darker veins (10-14 mm long).
Examined specimen ( (Tzvelev, 1976) and Liang and Tzvelev (2006) the overall range of Puccinellia schischkinii extends from Siberia to Mongolia and central Asia, where it grows on saline soils within grasslands, meadows and marshes. e species' distribution, however, is still not well recognized and requires further eld research. Although the occurrence of P. schischkinii was suggested from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan by some authors (Liang and Tzvelev, 2006), the species has not been listed in the ora of these countries (Ovchinnikov, 1957;Lazkov and Sultanova, 2014). In Middle Asia P. schischkinii has been con rmed only in Kazakhstan (Kamelin, 1998).
A population of Puccinellia schischkinii was discovered near the road A365 in the vicinity of At-Bashy (Naryn Region, Kyrgyzstan) during expedition to Tian-Shan Mountains in 2018 ( Figure 4). is is the rst record of this species to Kyrgyzstan. At the locality, more than 100 individuals of P. schischkinii grew between roadside and small watercourse, on clay alkaline soil characterized by high concentration of salts (23050 μS/cm).
Taxonomic notes Puccinellia schischkinii is a perennial diploid species (2n = 14) (Probatova et al., 2013) belonging to the section Puccinellia (Tzvelev, 1976). As still little is known about evolutionary history of Puccinellia in Middle Asia, further integrative studies are needed to shed more light on the phylogenetic relationship among taxa in the genus and re ne their taxonomic classi cation (Wróbel et al. in prep.).
Useful morphological characters for Puccinellia schischkinii identi cation are: culm 15-55 cm long with short vegetative shoots near the base; lower leaf sheaths greyish-green; panicle up to 20 cm long, usually more than 1/3 of the culm length (length of a culm without panicle length), dense and contracted, rarely slightly open, scabrous; pedicels of lateral spikelets very short, up to 1 (-1.5) mm long; spikelets with up to 7 owers, slender, ca. 1.5 mm wide, adhering tightly to primary branches; lemma of the lowest oret in spikelet ovate, slightly pilose at the base, with obtuse triangular apex, light green, usually with violet tinge in upper half and golden edge at the apex, 2.5-3 mm long; palea with numerous spinules in upper 1/2-2/3 of its length; anthers 0.8-1.2 mm long.
Puccinellia schischkinii can be confused with Puccinellia roshevitsiana (Schischk.) V.I.Krecz. ex Tzvelev but the latter taxon has shorter and more lax panicle which is up to 1/4 of the culm length (length of a culm without panicle length), longer anthers 1.6-2.5 mm long and slightly longer lemma 2.7-3.5 mm long (Tzvelev, 1976).

Solanum physalifolium Rusby var. nitidibaccatum (Bitter) Edmonds (Solanaceae)
Contributors -Nikita A. Vershinin, Igor V. Kuzmin Distribution and habitat Solanum physalifolium is a species native to the Andes (Argentina, Bolivia and Chile). It is adventive and naturalized in Europe, western Canada, the northwestern United States, equatorial regions of Africa, and it has been introduced into Australia and New Zealand where it persists as a weed of cultivation (Edmonds, 1986;Edmonds and Chweya, 1997). e species grows in ruderal habitats, on railways embankments, in elds and disturbed areas. In Russia, it was collected in Kursk, Moscow, Ryazan Oblasts, the Republic of Mordovia (Mayorov, 2014), Udmurt Republic (Melnikov, 2011), however, it has not been encountered in the eastern regions of the country. We found a few new locations of the species on the potato eld and on the roadsides, ca. 700 km eastwards of the previously known localities. Potato elds were also the habitat of this species in other Russian regions. Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum is a new alien established species to the ora of Siberia and Asian Russia.
Taxonomic notes Solanum physalifolium belongs to sect. Solanum, which includes about 15 species of Solanum nigrum complex. Two varieties of Solanum physalifolium species have been recognized: var. physalifolium (which has a restricted South American distribution) and var. nitidibaccatum (synonyms: Solanum nitidibaccatum Bitter; Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. pro parte), which successfully spreads beyond South America (Edmonds, 1986). Plants from the Tyumen region have 4-8-owered in orescences, broadly triangular sepals, and broadly ovoid berries with two sclerotic granules. On this basis they can be recognized as representing Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum.
Examined specimens ( Contributors -Ewelina Klichowska, Marcin Nobis, Anna Wróbel, Arkadiusz Nowak Distribution and habitat Stipa L. is one of the largest genera in the family Poaceae, subfamily Pooideae (Soreng et al., 2015), which in the narrow approach comprises over 150 species distributed in open habitats (grasslands, steppes, meadow steppes or forest steppes) of the Old World. Stipa pulcherrima K. Koch is a widely distributed Eurasian species. Its range extends from Siberia, through the southern Ural, the Black Sea, the Caucasus, and the Mediterranean area to central Europe, where the species reaches the northwestern limit of its geographic range (Martinovský, 1980). Here, we report a new record of S. pulcherrima from central Tian-Shan Mts in Kyrgyzstan, where it grows in steppe community on steep, sunny slope of the river valley, with north exposition ( Figure 5). e new locality is the easternmost known location of the taxon. Stipa pulcherrima is a new native species to Kyrgyzstan.
Taxonomic notes Stipa pulcherrima belongs to the section Stipa, and is characterized by having dorsal line of hairs fussed with subdorsals and ventral line of hairs always reaching the base of the awn, leaves of the vegetative shoots 0.7-1.4 mm in diameter, their adaxial (upper) surface covered by short, up to 0.08 mm prickles and short hairs (up to 0.15-0.3 mm long) present only on the sides of the ribes (Nobis et al., 2017), whereas abaxial (lower) surface is more or less scabrous due to hard hooks and short prickles. In Kyrgyzstan this species could be confused with Stipa zalesskii Wilensky (belonging to Stipa dasyphylla (Lindem.) Trautv. group), which di ers from Stipa pulcherrima by having ventral line of hairs terminating at the distance of 0.3-1 mm below the top of the lemma, leaves of the vegetative shoots 0.3-0.8 mm in diameter, their abaxial surface scabrous due to mixture of prickles, spinules and hairs, whereas adaxial covered with mixture of short and long hairs (Nobis et al., 2019).
Examined specimens ( (Vasjukov, 2016). e revision of ymus L. in the IRK herbarium (Irkutsk, Russia) resulted in nding specimens collected from Irkutsk Oblast and representing ymus lenensis, providing the rst record of this species from the southern part of Siberia.
ymus lenensis is closely related to ymus sergievskajae Karav. Both species belong to the section ymus sergievskajae di ers from ymus lenensis by the shoots pubescent throughout with horizontally oriented long hairs ca. 1-1.2 mm long, cauline leaves 3-10 mm long and 2.5-4(-5) mm wide, hairy on both surfaces or glabrous above.

New records for Europaean countries Dichondra micrantha Urb. (Convolvulaceae)
Contributors -Gergely Király Distribution and habitat Dichondra micrantha is native to tropical and warmtemperate regions, with controversial reports on the precise range: some authors, e.g.
arp and Johnston (1961), Correll and Correll (1982), Fang and Staples (1995), consider it to be native in both hemispheres, others restrict its native range to entral America (Silvestre, 2012), or to east Asia (Clement and Foster, 1994). In Europe, it is a cultivated plant used as a ground-cover plant or grasssubstitute in lawns, and usually is treated as casual alien tending to establish only in regions of mild winter climate, e.g. Great Britain, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and the Balkans (Euro+Med Plantbase, 2018). e closest populations to Hungary were observed in villages along the Adriatic Coast (Milović and Mitić, 2012;Tafra et al., 2013;Barina et al., 2015), and in northern Italy (Selvaggi et al., 2013). e newly discovered locality of Dichondra micrantha is situated in southwestern Hungary, in the town centre of Kaposvár, where clones larger than 1 m in diameter were found in lawns, and in the cracks of pavements. Based on the extension of the clones they are multiannual, and could survive the winters here obviously due to the urban heat e ect. e plants were observed on 18 January 2019 a er a long cold period, and, especially in sheltered position, they were completely fresh and green.
Taxonomic notes e genus Dichondra J. R Forst & G. Forst. includes creeping or sprawling perennial herbs with alternate, long-petioled reniform leaves. In the subgenus Dichondra (where D. micrantha is placed), the fruits are deeply bilobed, and the carpels usually one-seeded. Dichondra micrantha has thin stolons (< 1 mm in diameter), leaves sparsely pubescent with appressed hairs, a corolla about as long as calyx at anthesis, and calyx-lobes twice as long as broad or less, shorter than the fruits ( arp and Johnston, 1961;Correll and Correll, 1982;Silvestre, 2012). Dichondra micrantha is the only species of the genus with reliable records in Europe, other species probably have been reported erroneously (Clement and Foster, 1994;Otto and Verloove, 2016).
Examined specimen ( (1890), but Orobanche serbica, due to the small size of the corolla lobes [ (Carlón et al., 2002) sub Orobanche cf. artemisiae-campestris; (Carlón et al., 2005) sub Orobanche ozanonis; (Sánchez Pedraja et al. 2016)], is easily di erentiated from Orobanche santolinae (Carlón et al., 2003;Sánchez Pedraja et al., 2016) and Orobanche loscosii [sub "O. major L. β Ritro" (Carlón et al., 2003(Carlón et al., , 2011]. Examined specimens ( Distribution and habitat Phelipanche lavandulacea is a species described from Italy (Reichenbach, 1829). It is characterized by a Mediterranean distribution (Sánchez Pedraja et al., 2016). Phelipanche lavandulacea is relatively common in the European part of the Mediterranean region as well as in the northwest part of Africa. Its occurrence in northeast Africa is doubtful. Finally, it is rare in southwest Asia (Turkey, Palestine, Israel). Some records from Asian countries (e.g. Syria, Iran) have not been con rmed so far. We encountered three sheets with specimens representing P. lavandulacea in the herbaria LE and MW. e plant materials were collected in the Russian district of Sochi (Krasnodar Krai).
us, the eastern boundary of the species extends to the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. It usually occurs in rocky places, sunny slopes, the edges of shrublands, ruderal habitats. e species is indicated as a new, native taxon to the Russian ora.
Taxonomic notes is species is easily recognizable by its habit (plants usually tall, in orescences are simple or branched, dense and many-owered, rarely lax and few-owered, owers 15-23 mm with calyx-teeth equalling or slightly longer than calyx-tube, corolla deep-violet and anthers hairy) and the fact that it has only one con rmed host-plant,  (Carlón et al., 2008;, are distinguished within this taxon. e latter is considered to be endemic to the Canary Islands (Carlón et al., 2008). Reuter (1847) (sub Phelipaea lavandulacea) believed that Orobanche lavandulacea Rchb., Phelypaea trichocalyx Webb and Orobanche schultzii Mutel are conspeci c species. Recently, the last species is considered as clearly separate (e.g. by its long calyx teeth). According to Schultz (1842Schultz ( -1855 Orobanche schultzii di ers from Phelipanche lavandulacea in both morphology and its host. Another species, Phelipanche lavandulaceoides Carlón, G. Gómez, M. Laínz, Moreno Mor., Ó. Sánchez & Schneew., is also parasitic on Bituminaria bituminosa and based on this common host could be confused with Phelipanche lavandulacea, but morphologically and genetically it is perfectly distinguishable. Besides, it is limited to the interior areas of the Iberian Peninsula (Carlón et al., 2008). is species has also been confused with other species of the same genus for its coloration or habit, e.g., Phelipanche rosmarina [(Welw. ex) Beck (1921)

Rubus austroslovacus Trávn. (Rosaceae)
Contributor -Gergely Király Distribution and habitat Rubus austroslovacus is a widespread central European bramble species that was reported from Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Germany and France (Trávníček and Zázvorka, 2005 ;Kurtto et al., 2010). Rubus austroslovacus, as a thamnophilous species preferring semi-dry to mesic soils on limestone or base-rich eruptive bedrocks, usually occurs in mixed oak-hornbeam forests of submontane regions.
During the herbarium revisions in BP I found two specimens of Rubus austroslovacus in the material collected by Antal Margittai in the 1930s on the foothills of the Northeastern Carpathians in the surroundings of Mukacevo (at that time Czechoslovakia, today Transcarpathian region of Ukraine). ese records extend the known range by about 75 km eastwards.
Taxonomic notes Rubus austroslovacus belongs to the taxonomically complicated species-rich triploid group of Rubus ser.
Discolores (P.J.Müll.) Focke (Krahulcová et al., 2013). It is characterized by narrowly to broadly elliptical lea ets with parallel margins of the rst-year stem, broadly cylindrical to pyramidal in orescence with long erectopatent branches, white (rarely slightly pinkish) owers, and densely hairy ovaries -for more details concerning identi cation and comparison with similar species see Trávniček and Zázvorka (2005).

Rubus crispomarginatus Holub (Rosaceae)
Contributor -Gergely Király Distribution and habitat Rubus crispomarginatus was described as a regional species from the Czech Republic and Slovakia (Holub, 1991). Later it was also recorded in southern Poland (Zieliński, 2004) and in northeastern Hungary, whereas its presence in Austria is uncertain (Kurtto et al., 2010). e species occurs in sunny fringes of oak-hornbeam or beech forests mainly on base-rich, shallow soils. One herbarium sheet with Rubus crispomarginatus (identi ed earlier erroneously as Rubus vestii Focke [= Rubus constrictus Lefèvre & P.J.Müll.]) was recognized during recent herbarium revisions in BP, in the material collected by Antal Margittai in 1935 in the Northeastern Carpathians north of Uzhorod (at that time Czechoslovakia, today Transcarpathian region of Ukraine).
is is one of the easternmost localities of the species, and is apparently connected with the adjacent populations in eastern Slovakia and southeastern Poland (Zieliński, 2004;Kurtto et al., 2010).
Taxonomic notes Rubus crispomarginatus is a representative of the taxonomically complicated triploid group of Rubus ser. Discolores (P.J.Müll.) Focke (Krahulcová et al., 2013), however, contrary to the other species, it can be easily distinguished by the strongly furrowed stem and the deeply serrated and conspicuously crispate leaves of the primocane (Holub, 1991;Trávníček and Zázvorka, 2005).
Examined specimen ( (Weber, 1995). It is naturalized and widespread in central Europe and the British Isles (Kurtto et al., 2010). e species has not been mentioned by Kurtto et al. (2010) from Slovakia, however, there is a note in Medvecká et al. (2012) that it was found as a casual alien in this country in 1948. Nevertheless, a er long search for the latter record, we could not nd any supporting herbarium material or exact source of the publication.
During the revision of bramble collections in Slovak herbaria, a specimen of R. phoenicolasius collected in 1979 in Bratislava, most probably originated from a subspontaneous stand, was found in SLO and it represents the only known voucher for this species in Slovakia.

Contributors -Jolanta Marciniuk, Paweł Marciniuk, Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Taraxacum acervatulum is a broad-range species occurring in western Europe (Spain, France, Germany), central Europe (the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland) and in Finland (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). According to our study, T. acervatulum should be considered a new native species to Ukraine (Figure 7). Recently, several hundred individuals have been found in Lviv. e species occurs in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum acervatulum sect. Taraxacum belongs to the Taraxacum retro exum H. Lindb. group, which includes plants with outer bracts usually recurved, broad, brightly coloured, with clear and narrow margin; leaves with more or less red petioles and wide, o en divided, terminal lobes. Main diagnostic features of Taraxacum acervatulum are: petioles red and narrowly winged; leaves lobed, side lobes recurved, deltoid, o en with large teeth on the upper and lower edges; terminal lobes greater than the side lobes, o en divided with a distinct tip; outer bracts recurved, with clearly distinct margin, 3-4.5 mm wide; capitulum with a diameter of ca. 55 mm, convex; stigmas discolored; pollen present.

Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Taraxacum aequilobum has a broad range comprising the western, central, eastern and northern Europe. Up to now the species has been recorded from Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the European part of Russia and Belarus; in the British Isles it is probably an alien species (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). A new population of T. aequilobum (about 100 individuals) was found along the roadside in Fraga (western Ukraine). e species grows there in meadows and in grassy anthropogenic habitats. Taraxacum aequilobum is a new native species to Ukraine.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum aequilobum sect. Taraxacum in terms of morphology belongs to the Taraxacum retro exum group. e group includes plants with leaves with numerous uniform usually entire lobes pairs and winged petioles; the outer bracts are quite large and irregularly arranged. Main diagnostic features of this taxon are: red clearly winged petioles; leaves with numerous symmetrical and usually identical pairs of lobes; side lobes recurved, deltoid, medium acute with falcate upper edge; terminal lobe similar to side lobes blunt to acute sometimes with distinct tip; outer bracts irregularly recurved and strongly twisted 4-9.9 mm wide, 15-17 mm long, without a margin; capitulum with a diameter of ca. 50 mm, convex; stigmas discolored; pollen present ( Figure 7).

Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Taraxacum amplum is a species widespread in central, northern and eastern Europe. As a native species has been noted in Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the northern part of European Russia. It is probably alien to the ora of the British Isles (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). A few localities of T. amplum were encountered during eld studies conducted in the western part of the Ukraine in 2017. e populations of the species were quite large, each consisted of several hundred individuals. e species was noted in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats. We consider Taraxacum amplum as a new, native species to the ora of Ukraine.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum amplum sect. Taraxacum belongs to the Taraxacum copidophyllum Dahlst. group. e group includes species morphologically similar to taxa from Taraxacum sect. Palustria having leaves with few, usually undivided, side lobes and large terminal lobes; the outer bracts ovate or broadly lanceolate, erect or horizontally arranged with distinct margins. Main diagnostic features of Taraxacum amplum include: light green leaves; petioles unwinged, red, side lobes not very numerous, recurved deltoid, usually with entire edges; terminal lobes large, sagittate; outer bracts broadly lanceolate 4-4.9 mm wide and 14-15 mm long, horizontally or slightly recurved, clearly bordered; capitulum 50 mm in diameter, usually strongly convex; stigmas discolored; pollen present ( Figure 7). Distribution and habitat Taraxacum ancistrolobum is known from central, northern and western Europe. It was recorded from France, British Isles, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Norway, Finland and northwestern Russia (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). It occurs in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats. A new locality of the species was found during eld studies in the western Ukraine in 2017. e population of T. ancistrolobum occurred on a marshy meadow and comprises about 200 individuals. We consider the species as a new, native species to the ora of Ukraine.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum ancistrolobum sect. Taraxacum belongs to the Taraxacum lucidum Dahlst. group. e group comprises taxa with stout, o en crispate leaves, usually with a large terminal lobe, side lobes blunt to obtuse; the outer bracts are ovate or ovate-lanceolate, usually clearly bordered. Its main diagnostic features include: late owering, stout, dark green leaves, sometimes with tarry spots in interlobes, lateral lobes undivided, broad, blunt, with usually entire, convex upper edge and concave lower edge; terminal lobe is not larger than the side lobes, blunt, broadly triangular, petioles broadly winged, green sometimes slightly pink on the inside; outer bracts ovate-lanceolate 4.0-4.9 mm wide and 12-13 mm long, horizontally arranged, usually narrowly bordered; capitulum convex with a diameter of ca. 50 mm; stigmas discoloured; pollen present ( Figure 7).
Examined specimens ( Distribution and habitat Taraxacum bellicum has been previously reported from: Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Germany, and Finland (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007;Marciniuk et al., 2009). We found one population (consisting of several dozen individuals) growing along a sandy forest road in the Yavorivskiy National Park, western Ukraine. Taraxacum bellicum is a new, native species to the ora of Ukraine. Taxonomic notes Taraxacum bellicum sect. Erythrosperma ( Figure 6) is very similar to Taraxacum scanicum Dahlst. e two species di er in arrangement and coloration of the outer bracts. Main diagnostic features of Taraxacum bellicum are: leaves strongly cut, medium-green, glabrous; lateral lobes in 3-5 pairs, straight or slightly recurved, sharpended, their upper edges entire or slightly denticulate; terminal lobe of outer leaves triangular, while of inner leaves usually slightly elongated, lingulate with more dense small lobes below; petiole unwinged, pale purple to pale brown-purple; scapes usually green, covered with araneous hairs only below capitulum; outer bracts lanceolate, regularly recurved 1.0-3.0 mm wide, 6.5-9.0 mm long, usually red-violet, indistinctly bordered, more or less distinctly corniculate; capitulum slightly convex, 20-30 mm in diameter, owers dark yellow, stigmata discoloured, pollen present; achenes greyish purple-  brown, brown a er drying, rarely spinulose on the top, 3.2-3.6 mm long, cone narrow 0.9-1.1 mm long, rostrum 6-7 mm long, pappus ca. 6 mm long, white.

Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Distribution of Taraxacum collarispinulosum is very poorly recognized. It has been previously reported only from central and eastern Germany (Uhlemann, 2004;Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). We found quite a large population (consisting of about 250 individuals) of this species on lawns in the southern periphery of the city of Lviv. We consider the species as new native species to the ora of Ukraine. Taxonomic notes Uhlemann (Uhlemann, 2004) assigned Taraxacum collarispinulosum to Taraxacum section and to Taraxacum melanostigma H.Lindb. group. is group is 'transitional' between the Borea and Taraxacum sections. e features such as: relatively small capitulae, narrow outer bracts and the lack of pollen indicate close relationship of Taraxacum collarispinulosum with the Borea section. As Kirschner, Štěpánek, and Greuter (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007) assigned Taraxacum melanostigma to the Borea section based on the same characters, we incline to the view that Taraxacum collarispinulosum should also be included in the Borea section. Main diagnostic features of Taraxacum collarispinulosum ( Figure 6) are: green to grey-green leaves, usually smooth or poorly hairy lateral lobes in (5-)6-7 pairs, deltoid, patent or slightly recurved, acute, while upper edge usually with parallel cut or large tooth, more rarely with a row of small teeth; terminal lobe usually small, o en ligulate-elongated; interlobes acute, o en tar-coloured; petiole narrowly winged, pale violet, midrib green or brown-ushed; scape below the capitulum covered densely with araneous hairs; involucre blackish; outer bracts grey-green without white edge, regularly recurved, narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, 14-17 mm long; capitulum, 35-40 mm in diameter, stomata dark, blackish, pollen absent or residual; achenes dark straw-coloured, 3.3-3.8 mm long (without cone), collarshaped spinulose on the top; cone cylindrical, smooth, ca. 0.5 mm long; rostrum ca. 10 mm long; pappus white ca. 6 mm long.

Contributors -Jolanta Marciniuk, Paweł Marciniuk, Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Species known from the: Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Norway, Sweden, Finland, northwestern part of Russia and mountain areas of Greece (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). We found two localities of this species during eld studies in the western Ukraine. e species grew in wet meadows and pastures. Its populations consisted of about 500 individuals in total. To our knowledge Taraxacum copidophyllum is a new native species to Ukraine.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum copidophyllum sect. Taraxacum belongs to the T. copidophyllum group. Main diagnostic features of this taxon (Figure 7) are: leaves dark-green with few (2-3) recurved, undivided side lobes and large hastate terminal lobes; petioles lucidly purple usually unwinged; outer bracts erect, ovate above 5 mm wide and 10-11 mm long, dark colored with a strongly contrasting white edge; capitulum with a diameter of ca. 40 mm, convex; stigmas discolored; pollen present. Distribution and habitat Species known from central and northern Europe: Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Ukraine. It is considered to be alien to the British Isles (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). It occurs in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats. We found one location of this species in the Lviv region (western Ukraine). Dozens of individuals grew on an extensively used wet meadow. To our knowledge Taraxacum corynodes is a new, native species to Ukraine.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum corynodes sect. Taraxacum belongs to the Taraxacum lucidum group. Main diagnostic features of this taxon are: side lobes densely arranged, recurved deltoid or patent triangular, blunt with a pronounced tendency to divide, upper edges straight or irregular, o en with large teeth, lower edges irregularly concave usually with conspicuous teeth, petioles green clearly winged; outer bracts 4-4.9 mm wide and 12-13mm long, recurved, unbordered; capitulum convex ca. 50 mm in diameter, stigmas discolored, pollen present.

Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Taraxacum dentatum is a central European species, occurring from eastern Germany, through Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, up to the area of Hungary (Kirschner and Štěpánek, 1998). We found three locations of Taraxacum dentatum in the Lviv District. e species occurred on extensively used wet meadows, preferring places with low vegetation. In total, the population consisted of several hundred individuals. In Ukraine (similarly as in other countries), it is probably a rare species. According to our study, T. dentatum should be now regarded as a new native species to Ukraine.

Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Taraxacum gelertii is the most widespread species from the subatlantic section Naevosa. It has been reported from Portugal, Belgium, the British Isles, Denmark, Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, Sweden, Finland, Latvia and Estonia (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). For the rst time the species was found in Ukraine in three localities (several hundred individuals) where it grew mainly on wet meadows, rarely in anthropogenic habitats: parks, urban lawns, cemeteries. To our study, T. gelertii should be regarded as a new native species (and the section Naevosa as a new section) to the ora of Ukraine. Taxonomic notes Taraxacum gelertii (together with Taraxacum praestans H.Lindb. and Taraxacum adamii C.Claire) occupies a marginal position within the section Naevosa. is is due to the lack of scattered spots on the leaf, which are characteristic for this section. Taraxacum gelertii (Figure 6) clearly di ers from Taraxacum adamii and Taraxacum praestans by having green, not purple, leaf midrib. Main diagnostic features of Taraxacum galertii are: leaves usually nearly erect, greyishgreen, usually shallowly lobed, more rarely only denticulate; lateral lobes (small lobes, teeth) usually 3-4(-5), protruded at the right angle, narrowly triangular or nearly linear (in young plants developing under extreme conditions), irregularly denticulate or small-lobed, upper edge usually concave; interlobes denticulate and small-lobed, terminal lobe small, triangular; petiole narrow, pale purple; scape su used with brownish-purple, araneous hairy; capitulum 2.5-3.0 cm in diameter, owers yellow; stomata green; pollen present; the outer bracts (10-)13-15, adpressed to loosely adpressed, not imbricate, ciliated, blackish, narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate (6.5-)7.0-8.0(-9.5) mm long, (2.7-)2.9-3.3 mm wide; border of bracts distinctly limited to whitish and narrow 0.2-0.3 mm wide edge; achenes 4.2-4.5 mm long, evidently spinulose on the top, fairly rapidly narrowing into +/-cylindrical cone 0.9-1.0 mm long; rostrum 7.0-8.0 mm long; pappus 5.5-6.0 mm long.

Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Taraxacum infuscatum is a species with poorly known distribution. It was previously reported from France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). It occurs in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats. We found the species in the anthropogenic habitats in Lviv and along the forest road in the Yavorivskiy National Park, Ukraine. During our eld study in the western Ukraine a total of several hundred individuals were noted. Taraxacum infuscatum should be regarded as a new, native species to the ora of Ukraine Taxonomic notes Taraxacum infuscatum belongs to the Taraxacum retro exum group. Main diagnostic features of this taxon are: petioles green, inside sometimes pink, winged; leaves with pronounced tar spots in interlobes and numerous curved deltoid side lobes, usually with a strongly serrated upper edge; terminal lobe small, triangular, o en elongated; outer bracts vertical hanging, twisted and very long, 3-3.9 mm wide, 18-20 mm long, unbordered; capitulum with a diameter of ca. 50 mm, convex; stigmas discolored; pollen present.
Examined specimens ( Distribution and habitat Taraxacum ingens is a species with a somewhat disjunctive range that is currently insu ciently recognized. It has been so far noted in Denmark, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, as well as in Latvia, Estonia and Finland (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). Taraxacum ingens occurs in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats. We found about 50 individuals of the species on a wet meadow in Stradcz (western Ukraine). e species should be now considered a new native species to Ukraine.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum infuscatum sect. Taraxacum belongs to the Taraxacum retro exum group. Main diagnostic features of this taxon are: petioles winged, green without traces of red; leaves usually with numerous curved, deltoid side lobes with strongly serrated upper edges; terminal lobe obtuse to acute o en with symmetrically placed large teeth; outer bracts large 4-4.9 and more mm wide and 15-17 mm long, o en violet colored; capitulum over 60 mm, convex; stigmas discolored; pollen present.

Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Taraxacum lucidum is a species with a fairly wide range, known from Spain, the British Isles, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). A new locality of Taraxacum lucidum was found during eldstudy in the western Ukraine. e population of the species included about 80 individuals. e species grows together with Taraxacum corynodes on a wet meadow. To our knowledge Taraxacum lucidum is a new native species to Ukraine. It occurs in wet meadows.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum lucidum sect. Taraxacum belongs to the T. lucidum group. Main diagnostic features of this taxon are: leaves stout, medium green with few recurved, mediumacute side lobes, their upper edges are strongly dentate, lower edges usually entire, terminal lobes large, blunt, more or less hastate, petioles of outer leaf usually pale outside and lucidly purple inside, inner leaves on both sides purple, uwinged; outer bracts large ovate over 5 mm wide and 12-13 mm long, erect or arranged horizontally, with clear margin; capitulum convex with a diameter of ca. 55 mm; stigmas discolored; pollen present.

Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Taraxacum paucilobum is a central European species occurring in Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, northern Austria, eastern and central Germany, and very rarely in Hungary, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Kirschner and Štěpánek, 1998). We found ve populations of T. paucilobum (a total of 1000 individuals). e species occurred on extensively used wet meadows and wet pastures. To our knowledge, T. paucilobum is a new, native species to Ukraine. It is probably the most common species from the section Palustria in western Ukraine.

Taxonomic notes
In terms of morphology Taraxacum plumbeum ( Figure  6) is similar to Taraxacum brachyglossum (Dahlst.) Raunk. e two species di er in coloration of the outer leaves (green vs. violet, respectively). Main diagnostic features of Taraxacum plumbeum are: leaves dark green, usually deeply cut, young leaves pilose; lateral lobes in 5-6 pairs, patent, or (in outer leaves) falcate, their upper edge o en convex, entire or regularly toothed, interlobes with thread-like teeth and folded edge; terminal lobe of outer leaves usually small, triangular, while of inner leaves o en lingulate-elongated with denticulate edge; petioles unwinged, usually red; scapes covered with araneous hairs; capitula convex, ca. 3 cm in diameter, stigmata (olivegreen); pollen present; the outer bracts erect, 2.0-2.9 mm wide, 7.0-9.0 mm long, unbordered or very narrowly bordered, usually not corniculate; achenes yellowish light redbrown, 3.9-4.1 mm long, densely spinulose on top; spinules fairly long and sturdy; cone cylindrical, 0.7-0.8 mm long; rostrum 8.0-9.0 mm long, pappus ca. 6 mm long, white. Distribution and habitat Taraxacum portentosum is known chie y from the area of Poland. Besides, it was also reported from few (probably no longer existing) locations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (Kirschner and Štěpánek, 1998;Marciniuk and Marciniuk, 2006). We found three populations of the species in the Lviv region (western Ukraine). Taraxacum portentosum was recorded on extensively used wet meadows and waterlogged pastures. e populations of the species included several hundred individuals in total. Taraxacum portentosum should be considered as a new native species to Ukraine. Taraxacum portentosum is o en recorded in the eastern Poland, so it is also probably quite a common species in the western part of Ukraine.
Examined specimens ( (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). A new locality of T. sinuatum was found in western Ukraine in 2017. e population of the species consists of about 50 individuals. Taraxacum sinuatum occurs in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats. e species was found together with Taraxacum corynodes and Taraxacum lucidum on a wet meadow. We consider the species as a new and native to the ora of Ukraine Taxonomic notes Taraxacum sinuatum sect. Taraxacum (Figure 7) belongs to the Taraxacum lucidum group. Main diagnostic features of this taxon are: leaves medium green with broad, blunt, sometimes divided side lobes, their upper edges usually falcate, entire or with large teeth, lower edges straight or slightly concave with single large teeth; terminal lobe wide-triangular, blunt not larger from side lobes; petioles unwinged or very narrowly winged from the outside pale on the inside pink to lucidly purple; outer bracts horizontally, approximately 5 mm wide and 12-13mm long, narrowly (sometimes faintly) bordered; capitulum convex ca. 45 mm in diameter; stigmas discolored; pollen present.
Examined specimens ( Distribution and habitat Taraxacum subhuelphersianum is a species of poorly known distribution, previously reported from Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is considered to be alien to the ora of the British Isles (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). Recently, we have found this species in one locality (30 individuals) at the Lychakiv cemetery in Lviv, Ukraine. We consider the species as a new and native to the ora of Ukraine. e species occurs in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum subhuelphersianum sect. Taraxacum (Figure 7) belongs to the Taraxacum retro exum group. Main diagnostic features of this taxon are: petioles narrowly winged, from the outside pale on the inside red; leaves light green, side lobes recurved, deltoid, usually acute and entire on both edges; terminal lobe greater than side lobes blunt to acute without tip, o en with one or two notches; outer bracts hanging, with clear margins, 3-4.5 mm wide; capitulum with a diameter of ca. 45 mm, convex, dense; stigmas yellowish; pollen absent.

Taraxacum telmatophilum Kirschner & Štĕpánek, section Palustria (Asteraceae)
Contributors -Jolanta Marciniuk, Paweł Marciniuk, Mateusz Wolanin Distribution and habitat Taraxacum telmatophilum is a very rare Pannonian species occurring in the southern part of Slovakia, in Hungary, and in a few localities in Austria, and eastern Poland (Kirschner and Štěpánek, 1998) Taraxacum telmatophilum is con ned to subhalophilous vegetation, o en growing along canals or shores of small ponds in pastures (Kirschner and Štěpánek, 1998). A new locality of T. telmatophilum was found in western Ukraine in 2017. It was recorded in wet pastures. We considered T. telmatophilum as a new native species to the ora of Ukraine. Discovered populations are located between the northern and southern part of the species' range.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum telmatophilum sect. Palustria (Figure 6) belongs to the group of Taraxacum cognatum Kirschner & Štěpánek and Taraxacum telmatophilum (Kirschner and Štěpánek, 1998). Taraxacum telmatophilum is the most similar to Taraxacum potor Kirschner & Štěpánek. e two species di er in the shape of leaves. e leaves of Taraxacum telmatophilum are lobed whereas those of Taraxacum potor are usually not lobed, but only lobulate or dentate.
Examined specimens ( Distribution and habitat Taraxacum undulatiforme is a species with poorly known distribution range, previously reported from France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). A new locality of T. undulatiforme was found in the westerm Ukraine in 2017. It occurs in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats. We considered T. undulatiforme as new, native species to the ora of Ukraine.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum undulatiforme sect. Taraxacum ( Figure  7) in terms of morphology belongs to the Taraxacum lucidum group. Taraxacum undulatiforme is very similar to Taraxacum undulatum, from which it di ers by the absence of distinct margin of the outer bracts, which are narrower and longer 4-4.9 mm wide and 13-15 mm long (Taraxacum undulatum: 5 mm wide and 12-13 mm long).

Mateusz Wolanin
Distribution and habitat Taraxacum undulatum is a species reported from France, the British Isles, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Latvia and the northern part of European Russia (Kirschner and Štĕpánek, 2007). A few localities of T. undulatum were found in Ukraine during eld studies conducted in 2017. ese are the rst records of the species for this country. It was met in meadows and on grassy anthropogenic habitats. T. undulatum is probably a fairly common species in the western Ukraine. We considered the species as native to the ora of Ukraine.
Taxonomic notes Taraxacum undulatum sect. Taraxacum ( Figure 6) belongs to the Taraxacum lucidum group. Main diagnostic features of this taxon include: leaves stout medium green, side lobes recurved, blunt, upper edges convex, undivided, lower edges straight or concave with a single large tooth; terminal lobe blunt broadly triangular; petioles green, winged; outer bracts horizontal, large area 5 mm wide and 12-13 mm long, clearly bordered; capitulum convex, 45-50 mm in diameter; stigmas discolored; pollen present.

Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm. (Santalaceae)
Contributors -Giacomo Mei, Adriano Stinca Distribution and habitat Viscum album subsp. austriacum is an Eurasian taxon. Its range is still not fully known (Zuber, 2004). It is widely distributed in all countries of central and southern Europe (Uotila, 2011). It was noted on Mount Etna in Sicily one century ago (as Viscum album L. γ laxum Boiss. et Reut. (Fiori, 1923)). Later its occurrence in the ora of the island was considered doubtful (Giardina et al., 2007) thus it was not given in the Italian check-lists (Conti et al., 2005;Bartolucci et al., 2018). However, the presence of V. a l b u m subsp. austriacum was con rmed on Mount Etna in 2018.
Viscum album subsp. austriacum is a hemi-parasitic, dioecious shrub growing predominantly in mountain areas on the branches of some coniferous trees (Pinus spp., rarely Picea spp. and Larix spp.). On Mount Etna it was found in pioneer Corsican pine forest (Camerano et al., 2011) in communities of Junipero hemisphaericae-Pinetum calabricae Brullo & Siracusa and other pioneer associations occurring on lavic materials.