Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 2

Abstract The paper presents new records for 20 vascular plant species from eight Asian and two European countries. Five taxa (Artemisia campestris, Artemisia tanacetifolia, Delphinium sajanense, Diarthron vasiculosum var. undulatum, Epilobium adenocaulon) are reported from Kazakhstan, four (Deyeuxia yanyuanensis, Poa arnoldii, Stipa gracilis, Stipa macroglossa subsp. kazachstanica) from China, three (Nepeta pamirensis, Silene bucharica, Scrophularia pamiro-alaica) from Uzbekistan, two (Epilobium nervosum, Stellaria zolotukhinii) from Mongolia, two (Oenothera deflexa, Scirpus georgianus) from Poland, one (Coronopus didymus) from Tajikistan, one (Orobanche rumseiana) from Italy, one (Stipa macroglossa subsp. kazachstanica) from Kyrgyzstan, one (Poa polozhiae) from Russia, and one (Agrostis rupestris) from Azerbaijan. All of these taxa are new to the floras of listed Asian and European countries or its regions (as it is in the case of China or Russia). Four of the presented taxa (Coronopus didymus, Epilobium adenocaulon, Oenothera deflexa and Scirpus georgianus) are regarded as alien to the studied areas, whereas the other 16 are new native elements to the flora of the countries. For each species synonyms, general distribution, habitat preferences, taxonomy with remarks on recognition and differentiation of the species from the most similar occurring in a given country, as well as a list of localities recorded (often far from the previously known areas) are presented. In the case of Orobanche rumseiana, a new variety O. rumseiana var. sarda R. Piwowarczyk and A. Pujadas is described and illustrated.


Introduction
This paper is a continuation of the previous work dedicated to new national and regional vascular plant records (Nobis, Nowak, Nobis, Paszko et al. 2014). Although, it might seem, that a good knowledge on general distribution of vascular plants, has been attained on the Eurasian flora, there are still many regions of Eurasia where new plant species are discovered. Often, these records are located far from the previously known areas of a given species, and at the same time, more or less distinctly enlarge the range of its distribution (e.g. Ebel 2008;Nobis, Nobis and Kozak 2009;Nobis and Nowak 2011a;Seregin 2012;Molnár, Popiela, and Lukács 2013;Qureshi and Raana 2014;Wagensommer, Fröhlich, and Fröhlich 2014;Nobis, Nowak, Nobis, Paszko et al. 2014). During field exploration across the vast area of 10 European and Asian countries, as well as during taxonomic revisions of herbarium material of different groups of vascular plants, the authors found some species that are new to the floras of particular countries or their significant regions (provinces or republics). The purpose of this paper is to report new records of 20 vascular plants from 10 Asian and European countries, namely Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Italy, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. These records are significant in terms of phytogeography of vascular plants. Four of the taxa presented should be regarded as alien to the studied areas, whereas the others are native elements for these countries. The taxa are presented alphabetically in two groups, in Asian and in European countries. 2010), and North Africa (Maire 1941). During revision of Caucasian collections of the genus in LE, A. rupestris was noted in collections from the Southern Caucasus, Zangezur Mountains in Azerbaijan. This range defines the border between Armenia's southern province of Syunik and Azerbaijan's Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic. The species was not recorded in the Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Tzvelev 2006) and its distribution in the Caucasus region requires further study. Agrostis rupestris occurs mainly in alpine grasslands.

Distribution and habitat
The species is widely distributed in Europe (except south and east), and as an alien plant in North America (Leonova 1994). Artemisia campestris does not reach eastwards to the Ural Mts (Ovesnov 2007;Kulikov 2010). Filatova (1966) and Abdulina (1999) reported from Kazakhstan a related species Artemisia marschalliana Spreng., and did not mention A. campestris s. str. in any way. A typical form of A. campestris collected by Yu. Kotukhov in the Saur range, confirms the occurrence of this species in Kazakhstan. It is the new native species to the flora of the country. Artemisia campestris prefers generally open habitats (meadow, pine forests, forest glades and edges), and grows mainly on dry soils, sometimes as a ruderal plant.

Taxonomic notes
The genus Artemisia L. sect. Campestres Korobkov includes a complex of three closely related species with wide distribution in Eurasia: A. commutata Bess. (sparsely haired plant, with the roundish corymbs formed a lax panicle), A. campestris (plant without lignification of stems and having shoots covered with short, semipressed hairs) and A. marschalliana (a dwarf semi-shrub with remarkable lignification of stems, shoots densely covered with hairs, corymbs congested spike-like and formed in general narrow panicle). The main features of the latter species is the lignification of stems and stable hair covering, which remains till the period of blossoming, or it can be found at young plants but disappearing by the blossoming period. The morphology of leaves cannot be considered as a taxonomically important character because it varies considerably: two and three times feathery-divided leaves on thin linear or linearlanceolate segments can be found within the same population at each species.
According to Stankov and Taliev (1949), in most of European Russia (except for the south) only A. campestris occurs; to the east, from Ural to West Siberia and Kazakhstan, A. campestris and A. marschalliana can be found. Poljakov (1961) considered A. campestris to be distributed through all forest-steppe zones of western Siberia, and it even gets into Kazakhstan in Balkhash region. However, the author treated A. campestris in a wide sense, and distinguished the following varieties within this species: var. marschalliana (Spreng.) Poljak., var. sericophylla (Rupr.) Poljak., var. sosnovskyi (Novopokr.) Poljak., var. araratica (Novopokr.) Poljak. Artemisia marschalliana was considered at specific rank by other Russian taxonomists (Krasheninnikov 1949;Filatova 1966;Leonova 1994). Surprisingly, some modern Siberian botanists (Krasnoborov 1997;Zuev 2005) did not recognize A. marschalliana as a separate species, and treated it as a synonym of A. campestris. Therefore, recent information on the distribution of A. campestris in western Siberia and Kazakhstan presented in the Flora of Siberia refers to A. marschalliana, because Krasnoborov (1997) considered the latter name a synonym of A. campestris. The previous taxon is widely distributed in the southern part of the West Siberian plain.

Distribution and habitat
The main area of occurrence of Artemisia tanacetifolia comprises Central and Eastern Siberia with several locations also in Western Siberia (Krasnoborov 2000), Ural -Perm Krai (Ovesnov 2007), Eastern Europelower reaches of North Dvina, and North America -Alaska (Poljakov 1961). The species grows in the light-coniferous and small-leaved deciduous forests and their edges as well as in mountain low-grass meadows. This is a new native species to the flora of Kazakhstan.
Taxonomic notes Artemisia tanacetifolia belongs to an ancient and extremely polymorphic group of wormwoods (Krasheninnikov 1946), relating to the section Artemisia, subsection Laciniata (Kitamura) Korobkov. Besides A. tanacetifolia, other morphologically close species occur in southern regions of Siberia. These are: A. laciniata Willd., A. latifolia Ledeb. and A. macrobotrys Ledeb. The main characters of A. tanacetifolia are large twice plumose dissected leaves directed at an acute angle to an axis; leaf segments with short teeth, leaves densely covered with hairs on lower surface and more scattered on upper surface (Amelchenko 2006). A related species A. macrobotrys has narrower and shorter blade of a leaf with shorter and rare teeth on its segments. For A. laciniata, narrow leaf segments (in some populations almost linear) are directed almost perpendicularly to an axis or at an angle more than 90°and leaves are poorly covered with hairs. Finally, A. latifolia has naked (hairless) leaves.

Contributors -Arkadiusz Nowak, Marcin Nobis, Sylwia Nowak
Distribution and habitat Coronopus didymus is a species native to South America but widely introduced almost throughout the world (Holm et al. 1997). Until now the species has not been noted in Middle Asia, but it is known from China, Afghanistan, Pakistan and other South Asian countries (Xui 2001;Dorofeev 2002;Podlech 2012). It grows mainly in arable fields and different types of disturbed habitats. It was noted in different crop types, as well as in road verges, waste lands and other man-made habitats. The species prefers clayey, wet, firmly packed or little structured soils. Coronopus didymus is another new, alien species recently recorded in Tajikistan (Nobis and Nowak 2011a,b;(Nobis, Nowak, Nobis, Paszko et al. 2014). Its numerous population was found in Vose town and its vicinities (South Tajikistanian geobotanical region), occurring in ruderal habitats and cultivated fields with Triticum aestivum and Petroselinum crispum plantations. The species contributes to Asperugo-Cannabietum ruderalis (wheat crops) and Convolvulo arvensis-Cyperetum rotundi (parsley root-crops) Nowak S, Nowak, Nobis, and Nobis 2013).

Taxonomic notes
Coronopus didymus is the only species of the genus in the flora of Tajikistan. However, it can be confused with taxa of the genus Lepidium represented in the flora of the country by 11 species (Yunusov 1978).

Distribution and habitat
To date Delphinium sajanense has been recorded from Sajan Mts in southern Siberia (Russia) as well as from mountains of northern Mongolia (Malyschev 1968;Friesen 1993;Gubanov 1996). Additionally, in the TK herbarium, there are some collections from western parts of Mongolia (Mongolian Altai), with probably the oldest one being: West Mongolia, Terekty river valley, stony dry slopes, 17 Jul 1906, V. Sapozhnikov. Delphinium sajanense is a new native species to the flora of Kazakhstan. It was collected only in the eastern part of the country, in the Saur-Tarbagatai Mts. It is likely that it occurs also in China (northwest Xingjian), in Chinese Altay and the Chinese part of the Saur range. The species is a high-mountain petrophyte growing on rocks and stony slopes as well as on stream-sides in high mountains.

Taxonomic notes
The species belongs to an Asian Delphinium cheilanthum Fisch. ex DC complex. Delphinium cheilanthum is widely distributed in Russia (from south Siberia to Far East), in Mongolia and also in some Chinese provinces (Grubov 1982;Gubanov 1996;Wencai and Warnock 2001). The southern and western range limits of the taxon are unclear. Some previous reports from Kazakhstan (Gamayunova 1961;Abdulina 1999) belong to D. sajanense (at least most samples from Saur range) and probably also to D. barlykense Lomon. & Knan. (specimens collected in Dzungarian Alatau). The latter species was described from Russia, namely from Tyva (Lomonosova and Khanminchun 1985) and was recorded also in Mongolia (Friesen 1990(Friesen , 1993Gubanov 1996) and in the Russian Altai Mts (Ebel 2008). Probably the taxon has a hybrid origin (most likely D. cheilanthum × D. sajanense). The most striking characters of D. sajanense include: dwarf habit (stems mainly up to 40 cm compared with usually more than 50 cm in D. cheilanthum) sometimes with several generative stems, a presence of specific type of trichomes: a typical "head-like" glandule trichomes with admixture of protruding glandule trichomes (having broad base and apiculate tips) which cover axis of inflorescence, pedicels and sepals.

Distribution and habitat
Deyeuxia yanyuanensis is a poorly known and very rare species till now known only from two localities (Baiwu and Meiyu) in the Yanyuan County, southern Sichuan Province, China (Lu, Chen and Phillips 2006). The type collection in the vicinity of Meiyu Town was gathered by Sichuan Vegetation Expedition (no. 12537, holotype CDBI!, isotype PE!) (Yang 1983). The second gathering in the vicinity of Baiwu Town was collected by the SW China Expedition of CAS (no. 726, PE no. 1538082!). The species grows at 2600 m in sparse pine forests and on the grass slopes by the rivers.
In September 1981, D. yanyuanensis was collected by Tian in the Ninglang County in northern Yunnan, China. For the first time the taxon has been found outside Sichuan, where it was originally described, extending the known distribution of this species in Southwest China. Deyeuxia yanyuanensis is regarded as endemic to the South Hengduan Mountain region.
Taxonomic notes Deyeuxia yanyuanensis is a member of taxonomically difficult Deyeuxia-Calamagrostis complex, which is currently being intensive study (e.g. Paszko

Distribution and habitat
To date Diarthron vasiculosum var. undulatum has been known only from southwestern Tian-Shan in Tajikistan (Nobis, Nowak, Nobis, Paszko et al. 2014). During revision of herbarium material deposited in LE, we found specimens of the taxon collected in the western Tian-Shan Mts located in the area of Kazakhstan. The taxon can be found in steppes, screes, and rock ledges and crevices in the lower mountain elevations.
Taxonomic notes Diarthron vesiculosum var. undulatum differs from nominal variety in the shape of wings on the calyx. In Mey. var. vesiculosum they are straight, whereas in the second variety they are flexous, with deeply U-shaped curves (Nobis, Nowak, Nobis, Paszko et al. 2014).

Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. (Onagraceae)
Contributor -Aleksandr L. Ebel Epilobium adenocaulon originates from North America. Currently, the species is widely distributed in Europe as well as in the Asian part of Russiasouthern regions of Siberia (Hultén and Fries 1986;Vlassova 1996;Skvortsov 2005). It grows within a wide range of disturbed places (e.g. roadsides, waste, arable lands) and sometimes invades natural and semi-natural habitats (e.g. forests, stream sides, bogs). Being an anemochorous species, E. adenocaulon tends to rapidly settle new places, and is considered to be an invasive plant in some Eurasian countries.
Probably the first collection of E. adenocaulon from West Siberia is dated 1948: "Tomsk Province, Asinovsky district, surrounding of Nizhnie Sokoly settlement, light forest, 26-30 Jul 1948, K. Verjugina et al." (TK!). It was determined as E. roseum Schrader, but was re-determined by contributor as E. adenocaulon. During the second half of the twentieth century and first decade of the twenty-first century, this species spread widely in Siberiafrom Kurgan Province eastwards to Baikal Region, and from Altay Region northwards to Khanty-Mansy autonomous district. Epilobium adenocaulon is a new, alien species to the flora of Kazakhstan.

Taxonomic notes
The genus Epilobium is represented in the flora of Kazakhstan by 15 species (Abdulina 1999). Epilobium adenocaulon belongs to a taxonomically difficult complex of American species related to E. ciliatum Raf. Some authors considered E. adenocaulon as a synonym of E. ciliatum, whereas others prefer to treat it as a distinct species. According to the Flora Nordica (Snogerup 2010), E. ciliatum has white corolla (usually becoming light-pink after drying) instead of dark-pink or violet in E. adenocaulon. Russian taxonomists considered specimens with white flowers as E. pseudorubescens Skvorts. (Skvortsov 1995(Skvortsov , 2005Tzvelev 2007;Seregin 2012;Ebel 2013

Distribution and habitat
Epilobium nervosum is a species distributed in central and eastern Europe, in Mediterranean region, Caucasus, and scattered eastward into Asia: Asian part of Russia (southern part of West Siberia), Kazakhstan, and some countries of Central Asia (mainly in mountain regions). It grows on stream-sides, sometimes on wet meadows, and rarely on disturbed wet places (including road ditches). This is a new native species to the flora of Mongolia, recently found in the country.

Taxonomic notes
The species is very close to Epilobium roseum, and treated by some authors (Hultén and Fries 1986;Chen, Hoh and Raven 2007) as a subspecies. The species has subsessile leaves (lower ones with petioles 0-3 mm in comparison with more than 3 mm for E. roseum s. str.) and produce filiform epigeous stolons (instead of fleshy elongated basal turions in E. roseum s. str.  Skvortsov (2005) preferred to use the first name for the discussed taxon. However Tzvelev (2007) treated E. smyrneum as a distinct species distributed locally in Turkey, which, on the other hand, in Flora of Turkey is considered to be a synonym of E. roseum subsp. subsessile (Chamberlain and Raven 1972). More detailed distribution data of E. roseum s. str. and E. nervosum within Asia are needed. According to our observations in southern Siberia, these two taxa have different ecological preferences. Epilobium roseum s. str. grows mainly on stream-sides (springs, small rivers with cold water), whereas E. nervosum occurs in a wider range of wet habitats.

Distribution and habitat
In Central Asia the range of the species comprises Alai Mts, Peter I Mts and Pamirs (Tsukervanik 1987). New locations of the species have been found in the territory of Uzbekistan, far from previously known localities situated in Tajikistan (Langar River valley). It is a new, native species in the flora of Uzbekistan.

Taxanomic notes
In the flora of Central Asia the genus Nepeta L. is represented by 42 species (Tsukervanik 1987), of which 18 species are noted in Uzbekistan. Nepeta pamirensis is similar to N. kokanica Regel. Morphological differences between these two taxa are well characterized by Pojarkova (1954).

Poa arnoldii Melderis (Poaceae)
Poa albertii subsp. arnoldii (Melderis) Olonova, P. mustangensis Rajbhandari Contributor -Marina V. Olonova Distribution and habitat Poa arnoldii was described from Nepal, and up to 2006 it was known only from Himalaya (Rajbhandari 1991). Later, it was recorded in Chinese provinces Xizang (Tibet), Gansu and Qinghai (Zhu et al. 2006). It occurs at elevations between 3500 m and 5600 m, on the open moist gravelly slopes and among pioneer vegetation on rocks in the periglacial zone. New localities were found in China (Xinjiang province). They seem to be the most northerly for this species. Poa arnoldii is generally a rare species, however populations found in Xinjiang are quite numerous.

Taxonomic notes
This taxon is poorly known because of scarce herbarium material and lack of field observations. Nevertheless, the available materials allowed attribution of this species to aggregate Poa albertii Regel. This aggregate includes the species, originated from hybridization of P. attenuata Trin. and P. glauca Vahl. Poa arnoldii differs from all other species of aggregate in proliferate (viviparous) spikelets. Another viviparous species from Hymalayas, P. mustangensis Rajbhandari, seems to be conspecific with P. arnoldii, and it is treated as its synonym. Distribution and habitat Poa polozhiae, has been recorded at three localities from Katunskiy ridge in Altai Mts. (Altai Republic), and two from Eastern Sayan (Revjakina 1996). One gathering is known from Xinjiang province in China (Zhu et al. 2006). The species grows at elevations between (1750-) 2100 and 3700 m, on the open moist gravelly slopes and screes, edges of moraines and rocks in periglacial zone.
Poa polozhiae is reported from Tyva Republic for the first time, and another new locality is recorded from Stanovoye Upland, Severomuyskiy ridge (eastern Siberia). The species is regarded as a rare plant, but its distribution seems not to be fully known. Further localities of this species are likely to be found along vast and poorly researched area of Siberian alpines and Mongolian part of Altai Mts.

Taxonomic notes
This species belongs to the southern Siberian aggregate Poa smirnovii Roshev., which comprises three related species: P. polozhiae, P. smirnovii and P. mariae Reverd. Poa polozhiae forms a loose tuft, like P. smirnovii s.str., but differs from both species of aggregate in proliferate (viviparous) spikelets. Revjakina (1996) indicated the lemmas, glabrous between veins, as the main discriminate character of this species, but this character is not reliable and distinctly varies within populations of the most related species. Nevertheless, lemmas of P. polozhiae seem to be glabrous between veins more frequently than is observed in P. smirnovii and P. mariae. Hence, the majority of examined specimens, which were treated as P. smirnovii f. vivipara Malysh. should be recognized as P. polozhiae as well.

Contributor -Orzimat T. Turginov
Silene bucharica is an endemic species to the Western Pamir Alai Mts and to date has been known only from Tajikistan (Hissar-Darvaz range ;Ovchinnikov 1968). Specimens of S. bucharica were collected from several localities in the southwestern Hissar range in Uzbekistan. This is a new native species in the flora of this country.

Taxanomic notes
The genus Silene L. is represented by 29 species in the flora of Uzbekistan (Vvedensky 1953). Silene bucharica belongs to the section Sclerocalycinae Boiss and the group of species with densely white-tomentose calyx teeth. In the Hissar part of Tajikistan this is the only species with such pubescent calyx teeth. Another species, such as S. obtusidentata B. Fedtsch. an endemic to Mogoltau Mts (southwestern Tian-Shan; Ovchinnikov 1968) and S. kudrjaschevii Schischsk. an endemic to the southwest Hissar Mts (Uzbekistan, Kashkadarya, Aktag mountains, Kara-dzhumalyak) differs from S. bucharica in glabrous cups and smaller carpophores.

Distribution and habitat
To date Scrophularia pamiro-alaica has been known only from Tajikistan (Vinogradova and Shermatov 1987). Recently, specimens of the taxon were collected from western Hissar range, being at the same time a new native species in the flora of Uzbekistan.

Taxanomic notes
In the flora of Central Asia there are 35 species of the genus Scrophularia (Vinogradova and Shermatov 1987). The examined species belongs to the section Timophyllum Benth. and series Schugnanicae Gorschk. that comprises four species: S. fedtschenkoi Gorschk., S. zaravschanica Gorschk. & Zakirov, S. gontscharovii Gorschk. and S. pamiro-alaica Gorschk. (Gorshkova 1955). Of these four, only S. pamiro-alaica was recorded in Uzbekistan. Scrophularia pamiro-alaica can be confused with S. fedtschenkoi, but they differ in forms of staminoide, corolla colour and structure of the stem.

Distribution and habitat
Stellaria zolotukhinii is a species considered to be an endemic to South Siberia. It occurs in Russian Altay, Tyva, Khakassia, and the most southern part of Krasnoyarsk Province (Vlassova 1993). The species has not been recorded from Kazakhstan (Abdulina 1999) and Mongolia (Gubanov 1996). It is a mountain species growing in light forests and their edges, in shrubs, on dry meadows, dry slopes, stony places, river banks or pebbles. In general, it prefers more open and drier habitat than related forest species S. bungeana Fenzl. Stellaria zolotukhinii is a new native species to the flora of Mongolia.

Taxonomic notes
This species was at first described as Stellaria glandulifera N. Zolot. (Zolotukhin 1984). Unfortunately, this name turned out to be a homonym of S. glandulifera Klotzsch [1862], so was replaced by the new name S. zolotukhinii (Ebel 2012). In the Flora of Siberia (Vlassova 1993) this taxon was treated at subspecies rank: S. bungeana subsp. glandulifera (N. Zolot.) N.V. Vlassova, although other authors (e.g. Tzvelev 2000;Peshkova 2005;Belkin 2011) classify it at species rank. This taxon differs from S. bungeana by character of trichome covering (plant densely covered with only glandular trichomes without long simple ones), leaf shape (all blades rather short, and blades of lower leaves having peduncles are cordate at base), and smaller flowers.
According to Tzvelev (2000) the taxon belong to the genus Hylebia (Koch) Fourr., which includes four 'broad-leaved' species of Stellaria s. lato. The rank of Hylebiaproper genus or subgenus of Stellaria L.is a subject of discussion. According to recent molecular data (Greenberg and  and Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench. On the other hand, S. holostea L., a type species of Stellaria, in accordance with the same molecular data, is characterized by a quite isolated position among other "narrow-leaved" species of Stellaria (Greenberg and Donoghue 2011). Therefore it is preferable to consider the genus Stellaria in a traditional wide sense.

Distribution and habitat
Stipa gracilis is regarded as a Middle Asian endemic species, known to date only from Tian-Shan Mts in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan as well as from Alai Mts in Kyrgyzstan and Pamir Mts in Tajikistan (Nobis and Nowak 2011a;Nobis, Nowak, and Nobis 2013). It grows in rocky crevices and ledges on steep rocky walls especially within the rocky gorges of river valleys (Campanuletalia incanescentis order, Noawk A. et al. 2014), within an altitudinal range between 700 and 2900 m. Stipa gracilis is a new native species to the flora of China, not listed by Wu and Phillips (2006). It was found in western China, near the Kyrgyzstan borders. A few new localities of this rare species recently found in Kyrgyzstan was also listed below.

Taxonomic notes
The genus Stipa is represented in the flora of China by 29 taxa (Wu and Phillips 2006;Nobis 2013Nobis , 2014Nobis, Nowak, and Nobis 2013). Stipa gracilis is morphologically most similar to S. zeravshanica M. Nobis. They differ mainly in the character of awn, which in S. zeravshanica is always long pilose, while in S. gracilis the lower part (both segments below seta) is glabrous to more or less scabrous. In comparison to S. zeravshanica, S. gracilis has also somewhat shorter ligules of the vegetative shoots 1.0-3.0 vs. 1.5-5.0 mm long respectively .  (Kotukhov 1994;Nobis 2013;Nobis, Klichowska, Nowak et al. 2014;Nobis, Nowak, Nobis, Paszko et al. 2014). It is a new, native species to the flora of Kyrgyzstan, which was found during revision of herbarium materials of S. macroglossa s. lato in FRU, MW, LE, MHU, KRA herbaria as well as during field research. The species was found in many places in the Tian-Shan Mts, in high mountain steppes at elevations between 1700 and 2800 m. Populations of the species differ in size, from several tufts to hundreds of tufts per locality. Additional localities of the taxon from China and Kazakhstan, found during herbarium revision were also listed below.

Taxonomic notes
The genus Stipa comprises c.70 species in Middle Asia (Tzvelev 1976;Nobis 2010Nobis , 2012Nobis , 2013Nobis , 2014. Stipa macroglossa subsp. kazachstanica is most similar to S. macroglossa subsp. macroglossa (Nobis 2013;Nobis, Klichowska, Nowak et al. 2014;Nobis, Nowak, Nobis, Paszko et al. 2014). However, S. macroglossa subsp. kazachstanica differs from the latter taxon by having somewhat shorter anthecium, slightly shorter seta, and adaxial surface of blades of the vegetative shoots, which are covered by very short hairs up to 0.1 mm long only vs. covered by a mixture of short and long hairs 0.15-0.35 mm long. Stipa macroglossa subsp. kazachstanica is also similar to S. turkestanica group, especially S. turkestanica Hack. subsp. trichoides (P.A. Smirn.) Tzvel. However, it is easily distinguishable by longer setae which are 7-11 vs. 3-4 times longer than column (the lower part of the awn), and relatively longer ligules of the vegetative shoots (up to 10 vs. up to 3.7 mm long). Stipa macroglossa subsp. kazachstanica is also somewhat similar to S. kirghisorum; however, in comparison to that species, it differs e.g. by having much longer ligules of the vegetative shoots (up to 4.5 vs. up to 2.5 mm long) and much shorter column (the lower segment of the awn, 15-35 vs. 40-70 mm long).

Distribution and habitat
The taxon probably originated from North America. In Europe it occurs in several countries, like Sweden, Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland (Rostański et al. 2010). In Poland Oenothera deflexa was found for the first time in 2004 (specimens were determined by Prof. Krzysztof Rostański), and the population is still present at the locality. Abundance of the populations in particular years vary from a several to a dozen specimens. Oenothera deflexa is another new, alien species recently reported from Poland, established in anthropogenic habitats (e.g. Nobis, Nobis, and Nowak 2006;Nobis, Nobis, and Kozak 2009;Nobis, Nowak, Nobis, Paszko et al. 2014).

Taxonomic notes
The genus Oenothera L. is represented by over 30 species and established hybrids in the flora of Poland (Rostański et al. 2010). Of these, only O. ammophila Focke, O. biennis L. and O. rubricaulis Kleb. are regarded as native taxa in Poland; all remaining species are treated as alien (Rostański and Tokarska-Guzik 1998). The taxon is somewhat similar to O. jueterbogensis Hudziok, but it differs mainly in colour and shape of leaves (Rostański et al. 2010 (2012).
The Sardinian specimens of O. rumseiana slightly differ from the typical specimens of the taxon, e.g. by having stamen filaments glabrous at the base vs. hairy in the type; ovary with sparse glandular hair at the apex vs. glabrous in the type; style with sparse glandular hairs (hairs c.0.1 mm) vs. glabrous. From these reasons, we decided to describe these specimens as a new variety.
Orobanche rumseiana var. sarda R. Piwowarczyk & A. Pujadas var. nov. Diagnosis. The taxon differs from the type by its staminal filaments glabrous at the base, ovary apex and style are sparse glandular hairy.

Contributors -Agnieszka Nobis, Marcin Nobis, Ewelina Klichowska
Distribution and habitat Scirpus georgianus is a taxon native to North America. It is reported also from European countries like: Germany (Kiffe 1998), Belgium (Verloove 2006) and Slovenia (Zelnik 2004). Scirpus georgianus prefers wet habitats like moist meadows, marshes and ditches. Scirpus georgianus is another new, alien species recently found in Poland (Baryła et al. 2005;Nobis, Nobis, and Kozak 2009;Nobis, Nowak, Nobis, Paszko et al. 2014;Tucharz, Nobis, and Nobis 2011). A new locality of the species was found in Skawina near Kraków (southern Poland), where it grows in the ditch by the road (on the edge of a wet meadow).

Taxonomic notes
Only two species of genus Scirpus (S. sylvaticus L. and S. radicans Schkuhr) are recorded in Poland. However, having clearly different inflorescence, they could not be confused with S. georgianus. Scirpus sylvaticus has spikeletes in fascicles of 2-5(-9) and S. radicans has them usually solitary (DeFilipps 1980). In S. georgianus spikelets are organized in dense clusters of 4-35 (largest cluster with 16 or more) (Whittemore and Schuyler 2002). Scirpus georgianus could be confused with other closely related American taxa such as S. atrovirens Willd. and S. hattorianus Makino. Of these two, only S. atrovirens was reported from Europe, e.g. from northeastern France (DeFilipps 1980) and northwestern Italy (Pignatti 1982;Conti et al. 2005). Despite large morphological similarities, the above-mentioned species could be identified by several features. In S. georgianus perianth bristles are absent or rudimentary, while S. atrovirens have five or six persistent perianth bristles, 0.9-1.2 times as long as the achene and S. hattorianus have bristles 0.6-0.8 times as long as aschene, superficially intermediate between the two aforementioned species. Spikelets of S. atrovirens are also slightly longer (2-5(-8) mm) than in S. georgianus (2-4 mm) and S. hattorianus (2-3.5 mm). Scales in S. georgianus are elliptic, 1-1.8 mm, in S. atrovirens elliptic or broadly elliptic, 1.2-2.1 mm and in S. hattorianus also elliptic or broadly elliptic, 1-1.4(-2) mm. Furthermore S. georgianus and S. atrovirens differs from S. hattorianus by having less black pigmentation in the scales, so that the heads appear brownish or dark brownish but never blackish.