The article is devoted to various aspects of Machiavelli’s deliberations that can be found in the 15th chapter of his famous work "Il Principe". The first part of the article addresses the question of the legitimacy of translating the Italian "Il Principe" into the Polish term "Książę". This issue is presented against the background of the entire history of the Polish translation of this work. The following parts of the article are devoted to the analysis of Chapter XV of "The Prince". Focusing on this fragment of the philosopher’s work is justified by the thesis that constitutes the most philosophical and, consequently, the most important part of his work. The conclusions that can be drawn from his analysis allow us to understand what were the basic assumptions of Florentine’s political philosophy.