ISSN 2336-3193 Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur., 66: 137-139, 2017
DOI: 10.1515/cszma-2017-0016 Published: online 30th October 2017, print November 2017
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A new record of Linaria genistifolia (Plantaginaceae) in Poland
Artur Pliszko
A new record of Linaria genistifolia (Plantaginaceae) in Poland. – Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur., 66: 137-139, 2017.
Abstract: In this paper, a new Polish record of Linaria genistifolia is presented. It was found on 27 August 2017 in Zabrze, Silesia Province, growing at the foot of the reclaimed slag heap. The updated map of its distribution in Poland is provided using the ATPOL cartogram method.
Key words: alien species, biological recording, geographical distribution, Linaria.
Introduction
Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill., a member of the family Plantaginaceae, is a perennial plant native to the Mediterranean area in South-Eastern Europe and South-Western Asia (Niketić & Tomović 2008). It was introduced as contaminant, herbal or ornamental plant to Western, Central and Northern Europe, North America, Africa, Australia and New Zealand where is considered as established alien or casual alien (Randall 2017 and the literature cited therein). It is a species typical of grassland communities of the class Festuco-Brometea (Mucina 1997). In its secondary range, it occurs mostly in anthropogenic habitats such as arable fields, roadsides, and railway embankments (Randall 2017 and the literature cited therein).
In Poland, L. genistifolia is a rare species distributed in the western, central and southeastern parts of the country. A majority of its localities is concentrated in Lower Silesia, south-western Poland (Zając & Zając 2001, 2015). It is treated as an established alien species (Tokarska-Guzik et al. 2012) and occurs on roadsides, railway embankments and in sand pits (Bróż et al. 2003, Święs & Majkut 2006, Nowak & Nowak 2007). Moreover, it was recorded as a casual alien (ergasiophygophyte) from roadsides in some botanical gardens in Poland (Galera 2003). In this paper, a new record of the spontaneous occurrence of L. genistifolia in Poland is presented.
Material and methods
Identification of Linaria genistifolia followed morphological characters provided by Rutkowski (2004). Distribution map was prepared based on the ATPOL cartogram method (Zając 1978) involving 10 km square cartogram units. Voucher specimens of L. genistifolia are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków (KRA).
Results and discussion
Linaria genistifolia was found on 27 August 2017 in Zabrze, near Bytomska and Hagera streets, Silesia Province, southern Poland (GPS coordinates: 50°18.763′N/18°47.881′E; altitude: 240 m a.s.l.). This new locality is situated within the unit DF31 of the ATPOL cartogram grid (Fig. 1). Considering previously published data (Zając & Zając 2001, 2015, Bróż et al. 2003, Święs & Majkut 2006, Nowak & Nowak 2007), currently, L. genistifolia is known from 47 cartogram units (10 km squares) of the ATPOL grid (Fig. 1) and its status of rare species remains unchanged. A small population of L. genistifolia consisting of 7 clusters
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of flowering shoots was found growing at the foot of the reclaimed slag heap. It was accompanied by Achillea millefolium L., Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth, Coronilla varia L., Daucus carota L., Erigeron canadensis L., Tanacetum vulgare L., and Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. The habitat in which L. genistifolia was recorded suggests that it has a tolerance to disturbed areas and soil pollution. According to Matuszkiewicz (2008), L. genistifolia is one of the distinctive species of the ruderal plant community of Berteroetum incanae Siss. et Tide-man in Siss. which occurs usually on roadsides and balks.
Due to its negative influence on crops (cereals, sunflowers) and ornamental plants, in some countries, L. genistifolia is considered as a pest of agriculture and horticulture or a noxious weed which should be controlled, for example in the United States of America (Randall 2017 and the literature cited therein). In Poland, there is no report on its invasive potential (Tokarska-Guzik et al. 2012, Zając & Zając 2015). However, a further spread of L. genistifolia is expected, especially in the southern part of the country and its impact on native flora should be monitored.
Fig 1: Updated distribution map of Linaria genistifolia in Poland (● – known localities, after Zając & Zając 2001, Bróż et al. 2003, Święs & Majkut 2006; ▲ – new locality).
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Author’s address: Artur Pliszko, Department of Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Paleobotany,
Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków,
Kopernika 31, 31-501 Kraków, Poland.
E-mail: artur.pliszko@uj.edu.pl