Sociologists recognize that one of their main inspirational sources is the work of Max Weber. They do not so readily recognize that Friedrich Nietzsche’s work is also of significance for contemporary sociology. The intriguing fact is that Nietzsche had a profound influence on Weber, something that is now recognized by many historians of ideas. Weber himself said that it is a matter of intellectual honesty to admit the fundamental importance of Nietzsche and Marx in contemporary culture. This article is a contribution to the reconstruction of the intellectual ties between Nietzsche and Weber, with particular attention to the images of science, ethics, and religion in the writings of these two German thinkers.