The notion of state dysfunctionality : origins and definitions

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The phenomenon of state dysfunctionality can be observed in global political reality since the beginning of the states themselves. However, it is at the beginning of the nineties of 20th century when an increasing interest in this phenomenon can be observed, generally referred to as ‘state failure’ – mainly in the context of humanitarian situation in the areas affected by crisis of statehood. A serious shift in its perception was a result of September 11 terrorists attacks, because of it the concept of ‘failed state’ permanently entered world politics, media or international security discourse, succumbing to numerous simplifications and becoming a more and more vague term. A multitude of definitions of dysfunctional states, as well as different terms used to refer to this phenomenon, such as: failed states, failing states, collapsed states, crisis states, weak states or fragile states has led to the terminological chaos. Hence, this chapter aims at organising the definitional scope of state dysfunctionality in the most important contexts of its use. Willingness to depart from the Eurocentric term ‘state failure” and replace it by ‘state dysfunctionality’ obliged the authors to define its boundaries and divisions within this conceptual category, emphasising the necessity of gradation, which will strengthen its definitional framework and let a clear separation of the specific contexts of its use.