Th e dissertation focuses on mutual ties and relations between the Church and the authorities and politics in Georgia. National identity of Georgians is strongly connected with Christianity and separate ecclesiastical structures. A long tradition of autocephaly and diff erences resulting from autonomous development created a specifi c feeling of attachment to the Church, which Georgians expressed in the opposition to subordinate their Church to Russian Orthodox Church, the Russian Empire, and the Soviet power. Th e position of Georgian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the country’s life aft er the fall of the communism was shaped by the political situation of that period. Th e role of the national church was strongly emphasized and freedom regaining Georgians combined national slogans with their religious orientation. For a long time Georgian Church was the only one allowed to function in Georgia. Th e authorities, in need of the support of the Church, decided to give it an exceptional role in the state (Art. 9 of 1995 Constitution and the “Constitution Agreement” executed and ratifi ed in October 2002 by the parliament and the Holy Synod). Th ese and other provisions included in the legal acts resulted in a tremendous preference of Georgian Church which leads to spreading of the religious extremism in the country, initially tolerated by the authorities. However, with the demands to introduce political reforms aimed at bringing Georgia closer to the model of Western countries and the country’s aspiration to join the European Union the authorities were compelled to take steps and decisions which were contrary to the standpoint and activity of Georgian Church. Th is, however, for long time enjoying incredible social trust, managed to maintain its position, among the others due to the ability to skilfully balance between the expectations and needs of the authorities and the accomplishment of own goals. Georgian Church is considered one of the most important actors in the Georgian public life and its infl uence on politics is considerable. It plays a signifi cant role both in exacerbating ethnic, religious, and social confl icts in Georgia which translates into the relations of the country with her neighbours and the mitigation of emerging problems (aft er the Georgian-Ossetian-Russian war Georgian Church is the sole representative of the State in relations with the Russian Federation.