The conclusion summarises the changes related to religion and politics by showing the most important results of analysis undertaken by authors of all chapters. The picture is composed of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland which, in spite of the transformation of politics, the economy, and an opening up of Poland to the world, including the entrance of Poland into the European Union, keeps its dominant position and strong influences, direct and indirect, on social life. At the same time, in spite of high indicators of belonging to Catholicism and religious practice in Polish society, there is an ongoing process of differentiation of social views as far as the acceptance of dogmas, moral rules, and the political engagement of the Church are concerned. The theories concerning the role of religion in modern societies, as secularisation/privatisation concept, or deprivatisation could not be fully applied to explain Polish phenomenon.