Two legal acts crucial for the identity of European civilization and culture: Edict od Milan (313) and Treaty of Lisbon (2007) can be compared on the basis of axiology. The autor argues that the first one ensured the freedom of faith for Christians in Roman Empire and preserved them from any kind of persecution. The second one – Treaty of Lisbon – by omitting the direct reference to Christianity as a crucial heritage of Europe makes this freedom and the position of Christianity in the public space uncertain. The new set of European values being mentioned in the documents of EU and constituting premises for European integration in the future seems to stand in opposition to traditional Christian values. Poland with culture and national identity deeply rooted in Christian tradition faces very serious dilemmas both in its internal and foreign (European) policy.