The annexation of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia and its activities in the eastern part of Ukraine encourage political scientists and experts in international relations and security to conduct diverse analyses. This article aims to reflect on the problem of how, from the point of view of political science, Polish-Ukraine relations should be shaped as well as how Russia’s actions could be explained. Concepts of the following researchers have been used in the analysis: Adolf Bocheński, Hannah Arendt, Hans Morgenthau, Sigmund Freud and the paradigm of realism and romanticism in politics. The conclusions of the discussion are as follows: the course adopted by Polish decision-makers towards Ukraine (and hence against Russia), although understandable in some respects and having a theoretical justification, seems to be in line with the current of the romantic and idealistic political thought. These trends, generally speaking, are discredited in international relations.