In the present paper we addressed the problem of whether the information about the structural anisotropy of trabecular bone can be retrieved from low-quality data, captured with clinical multi-raw spiral CT scanners. Two measures of quantifying structural anisotropy were tested – the current standard mean intercept length (MIL) and the gray-level structure tensor (GST). Thirty two vertebral bodies were μCT and CT scanned. The reference values of structural anisotropy were measured in μCT images and compared with the measures of structural anisotropy determined from low-quality CT data. MIL-based measures of structural anisotropy cannot be reliably determined from CT data. The assessment of the GST is significantly better than that of MIL, but the accuracy is not, in general, satisfactory. Based on the results of experiments with artificial data and the analysis of the real images, it can be concluded that a possible reason of the poor performance is anisotropic resolution of clinical CT scanners.